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題名：算法與歧視 從美國教育平權案看算法倫理與法律解釋
書刊名：中外法學
作者：丁曉東
出版日期：2017
卷期：2017(6)
頁次：1609-1623
主題關鍵詞：算法；歧視；平等保護；法律解釋；技藝；Algorithm；Discrimination；Equal protection；Legal interpretation；Craft
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:7
本文借助對美國教育平權案件的分析,思考了算法的倫理基礎與法律解釋的基本原理。通過對若干美國大學招生政策中的算法的分析,可以發現算法并非一種完全價值中立的活動,算法總是隱含了價值判斷。法律解釋應當反思算法的倫理基礎,而不應當盲目信任或依賴某種算法。同時,應當發展一種基于技藝的法律解釋方法,這種方法可以運用某種算法,但法律解釋方法應當將算法和特定歷史傳統與語境相結合,在特定的歷史傳統與語境中尋求彌合社會分歧、引領社會共識的法律解釋方法。
This article rethinks algorithmic ethics and legal interpretation by studying several American affirmative action cases.An in-depth study of several American affirmative action cases shows algorithm cannot be value-free.There are always value judgments embodied in algorithm,no matter how scientific they look.Therefore,we should adopt an ethical understanding of algorithm,making algorithm in accordance with the ethics of the society.Meanwhile,legal interpretation should make use of algorithm,rather than blindly rely on certain algorithm.It should treat legal interpretation as a craft and use algorithm to narrow social division and create future consensus for the society.
期刊論文
1.Fiss, Owen M.(1976)。Groups and the Equal Protection Clause。Philosophy and Public Affairs，5(2)，107-177。  new window
2.Siegel, Reva B.(1997)。Why Equal Protection No Longer Protects: The Evolving Forms of Status-Enforcing State Action。Stanford Law Review，49(5)，1111-1148。  new window
3.Siegel, Reva B.(2011)。From Colorblindness to Antibalkanization: An Emerging Ground of Decision in Race Equality Cases。Yale Law Journal，120，1278-1366。  new window
4.Kraemer, Felicitas、Overveld, Kees、Peterson, Martin(2011)。Is There an Ethics of Algorithms?。Ethics & Information Technology，13(3)，251-260。  new window
5.Ananny, Mike(2016)。Toward an Ethics of Algorithms: Convening, Observation, Probability, and Timeliness。Science Technology & Human Values，41(1)，93-117。  new window
6.Mutlu, Can E.(2015)。Of Algorithms, Data and Ethics: A response to Andrew Bennett。Journal of International Studies，43(3)，998-1002。  new window
7.Mittelstadt, Brent D.、Allo, Patrick、Taddeo, Mariarosaria、Wachter, Sandra、Floridi, Luciano(2016)。The Ethics of Algorithms: Mapping the Debate。Big Data and Society，3(2)，1-14。  new window
8.Rubenfeld, Jed(1997)。Affirmative Action。Yale Law Journal，107，427-472。  new window
9.Tushnet, Mark(2004)。Clarence Thomas's Black Nationalism。Howard Law Journal，47。  new window
10.丁曉東(2014)。探尋反歧視與平等保護的法律標準：從「差別性影響標準」切入。中外法學，2014(4)，1080-1096。  延伸查詢new window
11.蘇力(2001)。《波斯納文叢》總譯序。環球法律評論，2001(4)，500-505。  延伸查詢new window
12.Levinson, Sandy(2000)。Diversity。University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law，2，577-578。  new window
13.Nyholm, Sven、Smids, Jilles(2016)。The Ethics of Accident-Algorithms for Self-Driving Cars: An Applied Trolley Problem?。Ethical Theory & Moral Practice，19(5)，1275-1289。  new window
14.Kearney, Mary Kate(2004)。Justice Thomas in Grutter v. Bollinger: Can Passion Play a Role in a Jurist's Reasoning?。St. John's Law Review，78。  new window
15.Krieger, Linda Hamilton(1995)。The Content of Our Categories: A Cognitive Bias Approach to Discrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity。Stanford Law Review，47，1161-1248。  new window
16.Gee, Harvey(1997)。Changing Landscapes: The Need for Asian Americans to be Included in the Affirmative Action Debate。Gonzaga Law Review，32，621-644。  new window
17.Moore, Michael S.(1987)。Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Legal Theory。Southern California Law Review，60，453-506。  new window
18.Michelman, Frank(1969)。The Supreme Court, 1968 Term-Foreword: On Protecting the Poor Through the Fourteenth Amendment。Harvard Law Review，83(1)，7-282。  new window
19.Strauss, David A.(1995)。Affirmative Action and The Public Interest。The Supreme Court Review，1995，1-43。  new window
會議論文
1.Lustig, Caitlin、Pine, Katie、Nardi, Bonnie A.、Irani, Lilly、Lee, Min Kyung。Algorithmic Authority: The Ethics, Politics, and Economics of Algorithms that Interpret, Decide, and Manage。34th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems。  new window
圖書
1.Posner, Richard A.、蘇力(2002)。法理學問題。北京：中國政法大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Epstein, Richard A.(1992)。Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination Laws。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
3.Mayer-Schönberger, Viktor、Cukier, Kenneth(2013)。Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think。Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company。  new window
4.Okin, Susan Moller(1989)。Justice, Gender, and the Family。New York, NY：Basic Books。  new window
5.Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo(2006)。Racism Without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States。Lanham, Maryland：Rowman & Littlefield Publishers。  new window
6.伽達默爾、洪漢鼎(1999)。真理與方法。上海：上海譯文出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.Wolff, Robert Paul(1977)。Understanding Rawls: A Reconstruction and Critique of A Theory of Justice。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
8.Dworkin, Ronald(1986)。Law's Empire。Cambridge, Mass.：Harvard University Press。  new window
9.Bobbitt, Philip(1982)。Constitutional Fate: Theory of the Constitution。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
10.Ackerman, Bruce。We the People: The Civil Rights Revolution。Cambridge, Mass：Harvard University Press。  new window
11.Chua, Amy、Rubenfeld, Jed(2014)。The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America。New York：Penguin Press。  new window
12.Kahlenberg, Richard D.(1996)。The Remedy: Class, Race, and Affirmative Action。New York：Basic Books。  new window
13.Rawls, John(1971)。A Theory of Justice。The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press。  new window
14.Sandel, Michael J.(1982)。Liberalism and the limits of justice。Cambridge University Press。  new window
15.Bickel, Alexander M.(1962)。The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court At the Bar of Politics。New Haven：Indianapolis：Yale University Press：Bobbs-Merrill。  new window
16.Pasquale, Frank(2015)。The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information。Harvard University Press。  new window
其他
1.丁曉東(2015)。宗教視野下的美國憲法解釋--評巴爾金的《活原旨主義》。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Dworkin, Ronald(1977)。No Right Answer?。Law, Morality, and Society: Essays in Honour of H . L. A. Hart。Oxford：Clarendon Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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