This paper aims at examining Victor Segalen’s reflection on his own double identity(doctor and writer) through his literary works — either when he talks as a doctor, or when he conceives a character to replace himself. The materials we rely on will be centered on his four works, "Gauguin dans son dernier décor," Le Fils du Ciel, René Leys and Homage à Gauguin, together with his correspondences and journals. We hope to show that with the accumulation of Segalen’s exotic experiences and the maturity of literary writing, his attitude toward his own medical profession has changed from passionate refusal to rational irony and finally, to acceptance, which means that he applied the medical insight and voice for the benefit of his literary writing. Furthermore, this essay hopes to provide a better understanding of the basis of Segalen’s theory of exoticism, since drawing valuable materials from his identity crisis is in fact parallel to the creation and the development of this unique and modern Aesthetics.