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題名:中國象棋經驗棋手與新手的知覺差異:來自眼動的證據
書刊名:心理學報
作者:王福興侯秀娟段朝輝劉華山李卉
作者(外文):Wang, FuxingHou, XiujuanDuan, ZhaohuiLiu, HuashanLi, Hui
出版日期:2016
卷期:2016(5)
頁次:457-471
主題關鍵詞:專長經驗棋手新手眼動中國象棋ExpertiseExperienced chess playerNoviceEye movementChinese chess
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 點閱點閱:4
為探討中國象棋領域內的專長效應及象棋專長的知覺編碼優勢,研究采用中國象棋棋局為實驗材料,對比了經驗棋手和新手在觀看象棋棋局時視覺搜索、變化覺察和對棋盤的記憶。實驗1呈現真實棋局和隨機棋局,要求被試觀看5秒后復盤,結果發現經驗棋手的復盤正確率高于新手;經驗棋手注視棋盤的眼跳幅度和瞳孔直徑更大;經驗棋手更多注視棋子間而不是棋子本身。實驗2采用移動窗口范式控制了觀看棋盤時視野大小,結果發現經驗棋手在副中央凹呈現時復盤正確率更高,而新手不受視野大小的影響。實驗3采用閃爍范式要求棋手覺察變化的棋子,結果發現經驗棋手的覺察速度和正確率都優于新手;而且經驗棋手在報告變化前就利用中央凹和副中央凹注視到了變化的棋子。結論認為:中國象棋與國際象棋類似,也存在專長的知覺編碼優勢效應;經驗棋手不僅對棋盤記憶更好,而且可以利用存貯的組塊和長期練習經驗選擇性加工棋盤結構信息,利用副中央凹提取信息,具有更大的知覺廣度。研究為象棋專家可以利用副中央凹加工棋盤及具有更強的知覺編碼能力提供了直接的證據。
期刊論文
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