1.緒論
參考文獻
Arthur, W. B. (1994), Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy, U. Michigan Press.
Bain, J. S.(1956), Barriers to New Competition: Their Character and Consequences in Manufacturing Industries, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Chang, M.C. (1985), Disintegration of Intermediate Goods and the Analysis of Increasing Returns to Scale at Industry Level, in Chinese, Master Thesis of the Graduate Institute of Industrial Economics, National Central University, Taiwan.
Chang, M. C. and Chen, C. C.(2003), Competitiveness of SMEs -an analysis of vertical disintegration, in Lee, J. S. and Schive, S. ed, Taiwan's Economic Development and the Role of SMEs, Singapore: Graham Brash Pte Ltd, pp.25-69.
Dedrick, J. and Kraemer, K. L. (1998), Asia's Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States and the World? New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
Ethier, W. J.(1982), National and international returns to scale in the modern theory of international trade, American Economic Review, 72, 389-405.
Krugman, P. (1991), History v.s. expectations, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2, 651-667.
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Levy, B. (1991), Transactions costs, the size of firms and industrial policy : Lessons from a comparative case study of the footwear industry in Korea and Taiwan, Journal of Development Economics, 34:1-2, 151-178.
Macher, J. T., and D. C., Mowery (2004), Vertical specialization and iIndustry structure in high technology industries, in J.A.C. Baum and A.M. McGahan (eds.), Business Strategy over the Industry Lifecycle – Advances in Strategic Management, Volume 21, 317-356.
Marshall, A. (1890), Principles of Economics, 8th Edition, New York: Macmillan, 1948.
Myrdal, G.(1957), Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions, London: Duckworth.
Panagariya, A.(1986), Increasing returns and the specific factors model, The Southern Economic Journal, 53, 1-17.
Robinson, J. V.(1933), The Economics of Imperfect Competition, London: Macmillan, New York: St Martin's Press, 1969.
Saxenian, A. L.(1991), The origin and dynamics of production networks in silicon valley, Research Policy, 20, 423-437.
Saxenian, A. L.(1994), Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Steffens, J.(1994), Newgames: Strategic Competition in the PC Revolution, Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Stigler, G. J. (1951) , The division of labor is limited by the extent of the market, Journal of Political Economy, 59, 185-193.
Storper, M. (1989). The transition to flexible specialization in the U.S. film industry: External economies, the division of labor, and the crossing of industrial divides. Cambridge Journal of Economics. 13, 273-305.
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Waterson, M.(1984), Economic Theory of the Industry, New York: Cambridge University Press.

2. 研究方法與資料蒐集
參考文獻
Bain, J.(1956), Barriers to New Competition, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Brock, G.(1975), The U.S. Computer Industry: A Study of Market Power, Cambridge: Ballinger.
Cheung, S.(1983), The contractual nature of the firm, Journal of Law and Economics, 26, 1-22.
Dahlman, C.(1979), The problem of externality, Journal of Law and Economics, 22:1, 141-63.
David, P. A.(1985), Clio and the economics of QWERTY, American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 75, 332-337.
Demsetz, H.(1973), Market rivalry, and public policy, Journal of Law and Economics, 16: 1, 1-9.
Garud, R., and Kumaraswamy, A.(1993), Changing competitive dynamics in network industries: An exploration of Sun Microsystem open strategy, Strategic Management Journal, 14, 351-369.
Geroski, P. A.(1991), Market Dynamics and Entry. Oxford : Blackwell Publishers.
Langlois, R. N. and Robertson, P. L.(1995), Firms, Markets, and Economic Change, London: Routledge.
Langlois, R. N.(1992), External economies and economic progress: The case of the microcomputer industry, Business History Review, 66: 1, 1-50.
Langlois, R. N., and Robertson, P. L.(1992), Networks and innovation in a modular system: Lessons from the microcomputer and stereo component industries, Research Policy, 21: 4, 297-313.
Levin, R. C.(1982), The semiconductor industry, in Nelson, R. R.(ed.), Government and Technical Progress: A Cross-Industry Analysis, New York: Pergamon Press.
Levy, B,(1990), Transactions costs, the size of firms and industrial policy: Lessons from a comparative case study of the footwear industry in Korea and Taiwan, Journal of Development Economics, 34: 1-2, 151-178.
Nelson, R. R. and Winter, S. G.(1977), On search of useful theory of innovation, Research Policy, 5, 36–76.
Robinson, J. V.(1933), The Economics of Imperfect Competition, London: Macmillan, New York: St Martin's Press, 1969.
Smith, A.(1776), Wealth of Nations, in Edwin Cannan(eds), An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations series, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
Stigler, G. J. (1951) , The division of labor is limited by the extent of the market, Journal of Political Economy, 59, 185-193.
Storper, M. (1989). The transition to flexible specialization in the U.S. film industry: External economies, the division of labor, and the crossing of industrial divides. Cambridge Journal of Economics. 13, 273-305.
Teece, D. J.(1976), The Multinational Corporation and the Resource Cost of International Technology Transfer, Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Teece, D. J.(1986), Profiting from technological innovation: Implication for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy, Research Policy, 15, 285-305.
Williamson,O. E.(1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, New York: Free Press.
Young, A. (1928). Increasing returns and economic progress, Economic Journal, vol. 38, no. 152, 527–42.
瞿宛文(1997), 產業政策的示範效果－台灣石化業的產生, 台灣社會研究季刊, 27, 97-139.
瞿宛文、黃秋燕(1998), 產業政策與連鎖效果: 台灣塑膠原料業發展的因素, 台灣社會研究季刊, 32, 83-124.
詹立宇、張明宗、徐之強(2004), 台灣製造業垂直分工與產業聚集之關係, 經濟論文叢刊, 32:4, 483－511.

3. 美國微電腦產業發展前的產業狀況
參考文獻
Baldwin, C. Y. and Clark, K. B.(2000), Design Rules. Volume 1: The Power of Modularity, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Campbell-Kelly, M. and Aspray, W.(1996), Computer: A History of the Information Machine, New York: Basic Books.(中文版：梁應權, 胡頂立譯(1999), 我的名字是電腦,台北: 天下遠見, 1版.)
Chandler, A. D.(1962), Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Eenterprise, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Chandler, A. D.(1977), The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business, Cambridge, Massachusetts : Belknap Press.
Chandler, A. D.(2001), Inventing the Electronic Century: The Epic Story of the Consumer Electronics and Computer Industries, New York: Free Press.
Christensen, C.(1993), The rigid disk drive industry: A history of commercial and technological turbulence, Business History Review, 67(Winter): 531-588.
Dedrick, J. and Kraemer, K. L.(1998), Asia's Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States and the World?, New York: Oxford University Press.
Fisher, F. M., McGowan, J. J., and Greenwood, J. E.(1983), Folded, Spindled, and Mutilated: Economic Analysis and U.S. vs. IBM, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Fisher, F. M., McKie, J. W., and Mancke, R. B.(1993), IBM and the U.S. Data Processing Industry: An Economic History, New York: Praeger Publishers.
Freiberger, P. and Swaine, M.(1984), Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer, 1st ed, Osborne/McGraw-Hill.(中文版：俞濟群譯(1987), 矽谷之火: 個人電腦王國及傑出人物, 台北: 寰宇出版, 1版)
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Kotler, P.(1984), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning and Control, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Langlois, R. N. and Robertson, P. L.(1995), Firms, Markets, and Economic Change, London: Routledge.
Langlois, R. N.(1992), External economies and economic progress: The case of the microcomputer industry, Business History Review, 66: 1, 1-50.
Macher, J. T., and D. C., Mowery (2004), Vertical specialization and iIndustry structure in high technology industries, in J.A.C. Baum and A.M. McGahan (eds.), Business Strategy over the Industry Lifecycle – Advances in Strategic Management, Volume 21, 317-356.
McCrindle, J. A.(1985), Microcomputer Handbook, London: Collins.
Saxenian, A. L.(1994), Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Steffens, J.(1994), Newgames: Strategic Competition in the PC Revolution, Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Steinmueller, W. E.(1996), The U.S. software industry: An analysis and interpretive history, in Mowery. D. C. (ed.), The International Computer Software Industry, A Comparative Study of Industry Evolution and Structure, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
柯建平(2002), 微處理機, 台北: 知行文化, 1版.
黃匡庸(2002), 最新電腦字典, 台北: 旗標, 1版.

4.美國微電腦工業簡史（一）：IBM PC推出前的微電腦市場
參考文獻
Campbell-Kelly, M. and Aspray, W.(1996), Computer: A History of the Information Machine, New York: Basic Books.(中文版：梁應權, 胡頂立譯(1999), 我的名字是電腦,台北: 天下遠見, 1版.)
Cringely, R. X.(1992), Accidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make Their Millions, Battle Foreign Competition, and Still Can't Get a Date, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley(中譯本：羅耀宗譯(1994), 意外的電腦王國, 台北: 聯經, 1版)
Freiberger, P. and Swaine, M.(1984), Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer, 1st ed, Osborne/McGraw-Hill.(中文版：俞濟群譯(1987), 矽谷之火: 個人電腦王國及傑出人物, 台北: 寰宇出版, 1版)
Jackson, T.(1997), Inside Intel: Andy Grove and the Rise of the World's most Powerful Chip Company, New York: A Plume Book.(中譯本：陳建成, 陳信達譯(1998), 英特爾三十年風雲, 台北: 新新聞文化, 1版)
Langlois, R. N.(1992), External economies and economic progress: The case of the microcomputer industry, Business History Review, 66: 1, 1-50.
Osborne, A., and Dvorak, J.(1984), Hypergrowth: the Rise and Fall of Osborne Computer Corporation, Berkeley, California: Idthekkethan Publication Company.
Young, J. S.(1988), Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward, New York: Lynx Books.(中文版：安紀芳譯(1994), 蘋果電腦: 成功之旅, 台北: 絲路, 1版.)

5. 美國微電腦工業簡史（二）：IBM PC推出後的微電腦市場
參考文獻
Campbell-Kelly, M. and Aspray, W.(1996), Computer: A History of the Information Machine, New York: Basic Books.(中文版：梁應權, 胡頂立譯(1999), 我的名字是電腦,台北: 天下遠見, 1版.)
Ceruzzi, P. E.(1998), A History of Modern Computing, Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press.
Chposky, J., and Leonsis, T.(1988), Blue Magic: The People, Power and Politics Behind the IBM Personal Computer, New York: Facts on File.
Cringely, R. X.(1992), Accidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make Their Millions, Battle Foreign Competition, and Still Can't Get a Date, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley(中譯本：羅耀宗譯(1994), 意外的電腦王國, 台北: 聯經, 1版)
Dedrick, J. and Kraemer, K. L.(1998), Asia's Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States and the World?, New York: Oxford University Press.
Dell, M. and Fredman, C.(1999), Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry, New York: HarperBusiness, 1st ed.(中譯本：謝綺蓉譯(1999), DELL 的秘密: 戴爾電腦總裁現身說法, 台北: 大塊文化.)
Freiberger, P. and Swaine, M.(1984), Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer, 1st ed, Osborne/McGraw-Hill.(中文版：俞濟群譯(1987), 矽谷之火: 個人電腦王國及傑出人物, 台北: 寰宇出版, 1版)
Hiltzik, M.(1999), Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer Age, New York: Harper Collins. (中譯本：洪裕翔譯(2001), 創新未酬, 台北: 天下遠見, 1版.)
Langlois, R. N.(1992), External economies and economic progress: The case of the microcomputer industry, Business History Review, 66: 1, 1-50.
Rifkin, G., and Harrar, G.(1988), The Ultimate Entrepreneur: The Story of Ken Olsen and Digital Equipment Corporation, Chicago: Contemporary Books Inc.

6.資源限制假說之驗證（一）：美國個人電腦工業之經驗
參考文獻
Bremner, B. (1991), Tough Times, Tough Bosses, Business Week, 3241 (Industrial/ Technology Edition), 25,174-9.
Campbell-Kelly, M. and Aspray, W.(1996), Computer: A History of the Information Machine, New York: Basic Books.(中文版：梁應權, 胡頂立譯(1999), 我的名字是電腦,台北: 天下遠見, 1版.)
Cringely, R. X.(1992), Accidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make Their Millions, Battle Foreign Competition, and Still Can't Get a Date, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley(中譯本：羅耀宗譯(1994), 意外的電腦王國, 台北: 聯經, 1版).
Dedrick, J. and Kraemer, K. L. (1998), Asia's Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States and the World? New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
Dell, M. and Fredman, C.(1999), Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry, New York: HarperBusiness, 1st ed.(中譯本：謝綺蓉譯(1999), DELL 的秘密: 戴爾電腦總裁現身說法, 台北: 大塊文化.)
Economist(1988), The world's fastest-growing company, Economist, 306: 7542, Mar 19,67-8.
Freiberger, P. and Swaine, M.(1984), Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer, 1st ed, Osborne/McGraw-Hill.(中文版：俞濟群譯(1987), 矽谷之火: 個人電腦王國及傑出人物, 台北: 寰宇出版, 1版).
Kraemer, K. L. and Dedrick J.(2002), Dell computer: organization of a global production network, paper of Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations. Globalization of IT.
Langlois, R. N.(1992), External economies and economic progress: The case of the microcomputer industry, Business History Review, 66: 1, 1-50.
Lawrence, J.(1991), Compaq Regroup, Advertising Age, 62: 51, Dec 2, p: 4.
Osborne, A., and Dvorak, J.(1984), Hypergrowth: the Rise and Fall of Osborne Computer Corporation, Berkeley, California: Idthekkethan Publication Company.
Rifkin, G., and Harrar, G.(1988), The Ultimate Entrepreneur: The Story of Ken Olsen and Digital Equipment Corporation, Chicago: Contemporary Books Inc.
Young, J. S.(1988), Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward, New York: Lynx Books.(中文版：安紀芳譯(1994), 蘋果電腦: 成功之旅, 台北: 絲路, 1版.)
張明宗(1987), 中間財分化及產業規模經濟之研究, 桃園縣中壢市國立中央大學產業經濟研究所碩士論文。

7. 資源限制假說之驗證（二）：台灣電子與個人電腦產業的發展
參考文獻
Dedrick, J. and Kraemer, K. L.(1998), Asia's Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States and the World?, New York: Oxford University Press.
Rappaport, A.S. & Halevi, S.(1991), The Computerless Computer Company, Harvard Business Review, July-August, 1991, 69-80.
古美蓮(1999), 豪情六兄弟, 攜手變富豪--電子業「三愛幫」傳奇, 商業周刊, 594, 70-72.
吳德章(1996), 加工出口區電子業產業發展之研究, 台北: 經濟部加工出口區管理處研究發展報告: 85001.
協志大同創業發展史編輯委員會(2002), 協志大同創業發展史, 台北: 協志工業, 1版.
周正賢(1996), 施振榮的電腦傳奇, 台北: 聯經, 1版.
東元科技文教基金會(1996), 動力東元--馬達轉出無限生機(史蒂華採訪整理), 台北: 天下文化, 1版.
苗育秀(2002), 傳統的e世代--聯華神通伴隨臺灣經濟成長與蛻變, 台北: 育秀教育基金會, 1版.
郭晉彰(2000), 不停駛的驛馬: 聯強國際的通路霸業(杜書伍口述) 台北: 商訊文化出版, 1版.
陳一鳴(2001), 東元、聲寶為求生存而合併--臺灣家電業的合併才剛開始, 商業時代, 21, 82-83.
陳鴻基,王俊程(1999), 臺灣地區資訊產業傳, 台北: 中華徵信所, 1版.
楊方儒(2002), 三愛幫的輝煌歷史, 商業時代, 77, 35.
聲寶文教基金會(1991), 挑戰: 陳茂榜先生奮鬥史, 台北：聲寶文教基金會, 1版.
譚仲民(1995), 大顯神通: 台灣電腦業開路先鋒的故事, 台北: 商周文化, 1版.

8. 結論
參考文獻
Chandler, A. D.(1962), Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Eenterprise, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Kornberg, A.(1995), The Golden Helix : Inside Biotech Ventures, Sausalito, California: University Science Books.
Langlois, R. N. and Robertson, P. L.(1995), Firms, Markets, and Economic Change, London: Routledge.
Rosenberg, N.(1963), Technological change in the machine tool industry, 1840-1910, Journal of Economic History, 23, 414-443.
Storper, M. (1989). The transition to flexible specialization in the U.S. film industry: External economies, the division of labor, and the crossing of industrial divides. Cambridge Journal of Economics. 13, 273-305.
張明宗(1987), 中間財分化及產業規模經濟之研究, 桃園縣中壢市國立中央大學產業經濟研究所碩士論文。