:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:研發合作之決定因素與績效:以台灣高科技產業為例
作者:黃政仁 引用關係
作者(外文):Huang, Cheng Jen
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:會計研究所
指導教授:吳安妮
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2007
主題關鍵詞:研發合作創新研發投資研發產出財務績效高科技產業中介效果R&D cooperationInnovationR&D investmentsR&D outputsFinancial performanceHigh-technology industryMediating effect.
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:33
創新是複雜、昂貴、且高風險的活動,並且存在外部性,研發合作為促使企業從事創新的重要機制。本研究目的在於延伸過去理論性架構與實證研究,建立研發合作—創新—財務績效價值鏈。以下為研究問題:
1.吸收能力、知識外溢、與不確定性是否會影響研發合作的頻率?
2.研發合作是否可以提高研發投資、研發產出、與財務績效?
3.不同的研發合作型態如何影響研發合作的決定因素?
4.不同的研發合作型態如何影響研發合作的績效?
5.研發合作與財務績效的關係是否會受到研發投資與研發產出的中介影響?
本研究採用 two-industry, n-firm-per-industry Cournot 競爭模型探討研發合作、研發投資(創新之投入面)、研發產出(創新之產出面—非財務績效)、與財務績效的關係,並以台灣高科技產業為研究對象進行實證分析。對於台灣高科技產業的研發合作與創新活動,研究結果提供學術界與企業界更完整且廣泛的觀點。
實證結果支持公司擁有較高吸收能力的員工是從事研發合作的決定因素之一。另外,知識外溢的提高,亦將促使高科技公司進行研發合作。而在高度吸收能力與知識外溢下,公司採行一般合作之頻率較其他合作模式高。
另外,實證結果也發現研發合作的確鼓勵台灣高科技產業的公司進行更多研發的投資,並且持續創造較高的研發產出與財務績效。相對於其他合作型態,一般合作可以創造較高的研發產出與財務績效,因此為較佳的合作模式。而由於市場競爭的本質,使得水平合作公司之研發投資較垂直合作與一般合作少。最後,僅有研發投資並不足以提升公司的績效與維持競爭優勢,研發合作公司的創新能力與研發產出才是獲利力的決定因素。
Innovation is complex, costly, and risky and incurs externalities. R&D cooperation is thus a proper mechanism to encourage firms to innovate. The purposes of this dissertation are to extend the prior theoretical framework and empirical studies to establish a research framework for the R&D cooperation—innovation—financial performance chain. The research questions are as follows:
1.Do absorptive capacity, knowledge spillovers, and uncertainty affect the intensity of R&D cooperation?
2.Does R&D cooperation result in higher R&D investments, R&D outputs, and financial performance?
3.How do different R&D cooperation types influence the determinants of R&D cooperation?
4.How do different R&D cooperation types influence the performance of R&D cooperation?
5.Is the effect of R&D cooperation on financial performance mediated by R&D investments and R&D outputs?
In this dissertation I apply the two-industry, n-firm-per-industry Cournot competition models to theoretically examine the relationship between R&D cooperation, R&D investments (input perspective of innovation), R&D outputs (output perspective of innovation—non-financial performance), and financial performance. I then use Taiwan’s high-technology industry as a research sample and empirically test my research hypotheses. The results provide academia and practitioners with a more comprehensive view of R&D cooperation and innovation activity among Taiwan’s high-technology industries.
The empirical results support the argument that absorptive capacity has a positive impact on the frequency of R&D cooperation in high-technology industry. In addition, an increase in knowledge spillovers also tends to increase intensity to collaborate in R&D. Under high absorptive capacity and knowledge spillover, generalized R&D cooperation is preferred to other cooperative models.
The empirical results also show that R&D cooperation does encourage Taiwan’s high-technology firms to invest more resources in R&D, and leads to higher R&D outputs and financial performance under the characteristic of high knowledge spillovers. Relative to other cooperation types, generalized cooperation leads to higher R&D outputs and financial performance and is a superior cooperative model. Due to the nature of market competition, horizontal cooperative firms are not willing to invest too much in R&D relative to vertical cooperation and generalized cooperation. Finally, simply investing in R&D alone is not enough to achieve breakthrough performance and sustain a competitive advantage. The ability to innovate and generate R&D outputs determines the profitability of the cooperative company.
Aboody, D. and B. Lev. 2001. R&D productivity in the chemical industry. Working paper, New York University.
American Accounting Association. 1971. Report of the committee on non-financial measures of effectiveness. The Accounting Review 46 (Supplement): 165-211.
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). 1994. Improving Business Reporting-A Customer Focus. New York: AICPA.
Amir, E., and B. Lev. 1996. Value-relevance of non-financial information: the wireless communications industry. Journal of Accounting and Economics 22 (1-3): 3-30.
Atallah, G. 2002. Vertical R&D spillovers, cooperation, market structure, and innovation. Economics of innovation and New Technology 11 (3): 179-209.
Atallah, G. 2005. R&D cooperation with asymmetric spillovers. Canadian Journal of Economics 38 (3): 919-936.
Acs, Z., and D. Audretsch. 1987. Innovation, market structure, and firm size. The Review of Economics and Statistics 69 (4): 567-574.
Balkin, D. B., G. D. Markman, and L. R.Gomez-Mejia. 2000. Is CEO pay in high-technology firms related to innovation? Academy of Management Journal 43 (6): 1118-1129.
Banker, R., G. Potter, and D. Srinivasan. 2000. An empirical investigation of an incentive plan that includes non-financial performance measures. The Accounting Review 75 (1): 65-92.
Barker, R. 2002. Tech stocks: follow the patents? Business Week 3 (November): 98.
Barney, J. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management 17: 99-120.
Baron, R., and D. Kenny. 1986. The Moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (6): 1173-1182.
Basberg, B. 1987. Patents and the measurement of technological change: a survey of the literature. Research Policy 16: 131-141.
Bayona, C., T. Garcia-Marco, and E. Huerta. 2001. Firms’ motivations for cooperative R&D: an empirical analysis of Spanish firms. Research Policy 30: 1289-1307.
Becker, W., and J. Dietz. 2004. R&D cooperation and innovation activities of firms—evidence for the German manufacturing industry. Research Policy 33: 209-223.
Behn, B., and R. Riley. 1999. Using non-financial information to predict financial performance: the case of the U.S. airline industry. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance 14 (1): 29-56.
Belderbos, R., M. Carree., B. Diederen., B. Lokshin., and R. Veugelers. 2004. Heterogeneity in R&D cooperation strategies. International Journal of Industrial Organization 22: 1237-1263.
Belderbos, R., M. Carree, and B. Lokshin. 2004. Cooperative R&D and firm performance. Research Policy 33: 1477-1492.
Belsley, A., E. Kuh, and R. Welsch. 1980. Regression Diagnostics. New York: Wiley.
Bettis, R., and V. Mahajan. 1985. Risk/return performance of diversified firms. Management Science 31 (7): 785-799.
Bharadwaj, G., S. Bharadwaj, and B. Konsynski. 1999. Information technology effects on firm performance as measured by Tobin’s q. Management Science 45 (6): 1008-1024.
Bondt, R. 1996. Spillovers and innovative activities. International Journal of Industrial Organization 15: 1-28.
Bontis, N., W. Keow, and S. Richardson. 2000. Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries. Journal of Intellectual Capital 1 (1): 85-100.
Bottazzi, L., and G.. Peri. 2003. Innovation and spillovers in regions: evidence from European patent data. European Economic Review 47: 687-710.
Bromiley, P., K. Miller, and D. Rau. 2001. Risk in strategic management research. In Hitt, M., R. Freeman, and J. Harrison (Eds.). The Blackwell Handbook of Strategic Management: 259-288. Malden: Blackwell.
Brown, M., and R. Svenson. 1988. Measuring R&D productivity. Research Technology Management 31 (4): 11-15.
Bryant, L., D. Jones, and S. Widener. 2004. Managing value creation within the firm: an examination of multiple performance measures. Journal of Management Accounting Research 16: 107-131.
Bryk, A. S., and S. W. Raudenbus. 1992. Hierarchical Linear Models. Newbury Park: Sage.
Caloghirou, Y., G. Hondroyiannis, and N. Vonortas. 2003. The performance of research partnerships. Managerial and Decision economics 24: 85-99.
Capon, N., J. Farley, and S. Hoenig. 1990. Determinants of financial performance: a meta-analysis. Management Science 36 (10): 1143-1159.
Cassiman, B., and R. veugelers. 2002. R&D cooperation and spillovers: some empirical evidence from Belgium. The American Economic Review 92 (4): 1169-1184.
Chang, C., W. Wang, and C. Lee. 2007. Information technology investments and firm performance in Causal models: evidence from Taiwan’s information and electronics industry. International Journal of Accounting Studies (會計評論) 44: 1-26.
Chang, Y. 2003. Benefits of cooperation on innovative performance: evidence from integrated circuits and biotechnology firms in the UK and Taiwan. R&D Management 33 (4): 425-437.
Chen, M., S. Cheng, and Y. Hwang. 2005. An empirical investigation of the relationship between intellectual capital and firms’ market value and financial performance. Journal of Intellectual capital 6 (2): 159-176.
Chen, C., and J. Lee. 1995. Accounting measures of firm performance and Tobin’s q theory. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance 10 (Summer): 1143-1159.
Chen, D. 2003. Make It Integrated: Organizational Networks in Taiwan’s Integrated-Circuit Industry. Taipei: Socio Publishing Co., Ltd.
Cheng, S. 2004. R&D expenditures and CEO compensation. The Accounting Review 79 (2): 305-328.
Choi, J. 1993. Cooperative R&D with product market competition. International Journal of Industrial Organization 11: 553-571.
Chung, S., and G. Kim. 2003. Performance effects of partnership between manufacturers and suppliers for new product development: the supplier’s standpoint. Research Policy 32: 587-603.
Cohen, W., and D. Levinthal. 1989. Innovation and learning: the two faces of R&D. The Economic Journal 99: 569-596.
Collins, D., E. Maydew, and I. Weiss. 1997. Changes in the value-relevance of earnings and book values over the past forty years. Journal of Accounting and Economics 24: 39-67.
Cool, K, I. Dierickx, and D. Jemison. 1989. Business strategy, market structure and risk-return relationships: a structural approach. Strategic Management Journal 10 (6): 507-522.
Corey E. R. 1997. Technology Fountainheads: The Management Challenge of R&D Consortia. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Council on Competitiveness. 1996. Endless Frontier, Limited Resources: U.S. R&D Policy for Competitiveness.Washington, D.C.: Council on Competitiveness.
Cukier, K. 2005. A market for ideas. The Economist 377 (8449): 4-5.
D’Aspremont, C., and A. Jacquemin. 1988. Cooperative and noncooperative R&D in duopoly with spillover. The American Economic Review 78 (5): 1133-1137.
DeCarolis, D., and D. Deeds. 1999. The impact of stocks and flows of organizational knowledge on firm performance: an empirical investigation of the biotechnology industry. Strategic Management Journal 20 (10): 953-968.
Deng, Z., B. Lev, and F. Narin. 1999. Science and technology as predictors of stock performance. Financial Analysts Journal 55 (3): 20-32.
Dess, G. and D. Beard. 1984. Dimensions of organization task environments. Administrative science Quarterly 29 (1): 52-73.
Dodgson, M. 1991. Technological learning, technology strategy and competitive pressures. British Journal of Management 2: 133-149.
Dodgson, M. 1992. The strategic management of R&D collaboration. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 4 (3): 227-244.
Drucker, P. 1954. The Practice of Management. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers.
Drucker, P. 1985. Innovation and Entrepreneurship. New York: Harper and Row Publishers.
Dutta, S., A. Lopez-Claros, and I. Mia. 2006. Global Information Technology Report 2005-2006. World Economic Forum.
Eberhart, A., W. Maxwell, and A. Siddique. 2004. An examination of long-term abnormal stock returns and operating performance following R&D increase. The Journal of Finance 59 (2): 623-650.
Eccles, R. 1991. The performance measurement manifesto. Harvard Business Review 69 (1): 131-137.
Eisenhardt, K., and C. Schoonhoven. Resource-Based View of strategic alliance formation: Strategic and social effects in entrepreneurial firms. Organization Science 7 (2): 136-150.
Ernst, H. 2001. Patent applications and subsequent changes of performance: evidence from time-series cross-section analyses on the firm level. Research Policy 30: 143-157.
Feeny, S., and M. Rogers. 2003. Innovation and performance: benchmarking Australian firms. The Australian Economic Review 36 (3): 253-264.
Financial Accounting Standards Board. 1974. Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 2: Accounting for Research and Development Costs. Stanford: FASB.
Fisher, M., and J. McGowan. 1983. On the misuse of accounting rates of return to infer monopoly profits. American Economic Review 73: 82-97.
Francis, J., and K. Schipper. 1999. Have financial statements lost their relevance? Journal of Accounting Research 37: 319-352.
Fritsch, M., and R. Lukas. 2001. Who cooperates on R&D? Research Policy 30: 297-312.
Geroski, P. 1995. Do spillovers undermine the incentive to innovation? In Dowrick, S. (Eds.). Economic Approaches to Innovation. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
Gibson, D. V., and E. M. Rogers. 1994. R&D Collaboration on Trial: The Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Ghosh, D. 2002. Intellectual capital-development, management, and measurement. Intellectual Capital Theory and Practice Conference. Taipei: 1-31.
Giudici, G., S. Paleari. 2000. The provision of finance to innovation: a survey conducted among Italian technology-based small firms. Small Business Economics 14: 37-53.
Goel, R. 1995. Spillovers, rivalry and R&D investment. Southern Economic Journal 62 (1): 71-76.
Gomes, L., and K. Ramaswamy. 1999. An empirical examination of the form of the relationship between multinationality and performance. Journal of International Business Studies 30 (1): 173-187.
Grant, R. 1996. Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal 17 (Winter Special Issue): 109-122.
Grant, R. M., and C. Baden-Fuller. 2004. A knowledge accessing theory of strategic alliances. Journal of Management Studies 41 (1): 61-84.
Griliches, Z. 1984. R&D, Patents, and Productivity. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Griliches, Z. 1990. Patent statistics as economic indicators: a survey. Journal of Economic Literature 28: 1661-1707.
Griliches, Z. 1998. R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Grunfeld, L. 2003. Meet me halfway but don’t rush: absorptive capacity and strategic R&D investment revisited. International Journal of Industrial Organization 21: 1091-1109.
Gupta, A., S. Raj, and D. Wilemon. 1986. A model for studying R&D-marketing interface in the product innovation process. Journal of Marketing 50: 7-17.
Hadi, A. 1992. Identifying Multiple outliers in multivariate data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B 54: 761-771.
Hadi, A. 1994. Amodification of a method for the detection of outliers in multivariate samples. Journal the Royal Statistical Society series B 56: 393-396.
Hagedoorn, J. 1993. Understanding the rationale of strategic technology partnering: inter-organizational modes of cooperation and sectoral differences. Strategic Management Journal 14 (5): 371-386.
Hagedoorn, J. 2002. Inter-firm R&D partnerships : an overview of major trends and patterns since 1960. Research Policy 31: 477-492.
Hagedoorn, J., and M. Cloodt. 2003. Measuring innovative performance: is there an advantage in using multiple indicators? Research Policy 32: 1365-1379.
Hagedoorn, J., D. Cloodt, and H. Kranenburg. 2005. Intellectual property rights and the governance of international R&D partnerships. Journal of International Business Studies 36 (2): 175-186.
Hagedoorn, J., A. Link., and N. Vonortas. 2000. Research partnership. Research Policy 29: 567-586.
Hagedoorn, J., and J. Schakenraad. 1994. The effect of strategic technology alliances on company performance. Strategic Management Journal 15 (4): 291-309.
Hall, L., and S. Bagchi-Sen. 2002. A study of R&D, innovation, and business performance in the Canadian biotechnology industry. Technovation 22: 231-244.
Hall, B., A. Jaffe, and M. Trajtenberg. 2005. Market value and patent citation. The Rand Journal of Economics 36 (1): 16-38.
Hamel, G. P., and C. K. Prahalad. 1989. Strategic intent. Harvard Business Review May-June: 63-76.
Hanel, P., and A. St-Pierre. 2002. Effects of R&D spillovers on the profitability of firms. Review of Industrial Organization 20: 305-322.
Harabi, N. 1998. Innovation through vertical relations between firms, suppliers and customers: a study of German firms. Industry and Innovation 5 (2): 157-178.
Harhoff, D. 1996. Strategic spillovers and incentives for research and development. Management Science 42 (6): 907-925.
Harhoff, D., F. Narin, F. Scherer, and K. Vopel. 1999. Citation frequency and the value of patented inventions. Review of Economics and Statistics 81: 511-515.
Heckman, J. 1979. Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error. Econometrica 47 (1): 153-162.
Hemphill, T. A., and N. S. Vonortas. 2003. Strategic research partnerships: a managerial perspective. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 15 (2): 255-271.
Henderson, R., and I. Cockburn. 1996. Scale, scope and spillover: the determinants of research productivity in drug discovery. Rand Journal of Economics 27 (11): 32-59.
Henderson, A., and J. Fredrickson. 2001. Top Management Team Coordination Needs and the CEO Pay Gap: A Competitive Test of Economic and Behavioral View. Academy of Management Journal 44 (1): 96-117.
Hernan, R., P. Marin, and G. Siotis. 2003. An empirical evaluation of the determinants of research joint venture formation. The Journal of Industrial Economics 51 (1): 75-89.
Hill, C., and D. Deeds. 1996. The importance of industry structure for the determination of firm profitability: a neo-Austrian perspective. Journal of Management Studies 33 (4): 429-451.
Hirschey, M., V. Richardson, and S. Scholz. 2001. Value relevance of non-financial information: the case of patent data. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 17 (3): 223-235.
Hitt, A., R. Hoskisson, and H. Kim. 1997. International diversification: effects on innovation and firm performance in product-diversified firms. Academy of Management Journal 40 (4): 767-798.
Huang, C., and C. Liu. 2005. Exploration for the relationship between innovation, IT and performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital 6 (2): 237-252.
Inkmann, J. 2000. Horizontal and Vertical R&D Cooperation. Center of Finance of Econometrics at the University of Konstanz discussion paper: 1-28.
Irwin, D., and P. Klenow. 1996. High-tech R&D subsidies. Estimating the effects of SEMATECH. Journal of International Economics 40: 323-344.
Ishii, A. 2004. Cooperative R&D between vertically related firms with spillovers. International Journal of Industrial Organization 22: 1213-1235.
Ittner, C., and D. Larcker. 1997. The performance effects of process management techniques. Management Science 43 (4): 522-534.
Ittner, C., and D. Larcker. 1998. Are non-financial measures leading indicators of financial performance? An analysis of customer satisfaction. Journal of Accounting Research 36 (supplement): 1-35.
Ittner, C., W. Lanen., and D. Larcker. 2002. The association between activity-based costing and manufacturing performance. Journal of Accounting Research 40 (3): 711-726.
Jacquemin, A. 1988. Cooperative agreements in R&D and European antitrust policy. European Economic Review 32: 551-560.
Jaffe, A. 1986. Technological opportunity and spillovers of R&D: evidence from firms’ patents, profits, and market value. The American Economic Review 76 (5): 984-1001.
Kaiser, U., 2002a. An empirical test of models explaining research expenditures and research cooperation: evidence for the German service sector. International Journal of Industrial Organization 20: 747-774.new window
Kaiser, U. 2002b. Measuring knowledge spillovers in manufacturing and services: an empirical assessment of alternative approaches. Research Policy 31: 125-144.
Kaiser, U., and G. Licht. 1998. R&D cooperation and R&D intensity: theory and micro-econometric evidence for German manufacturing industries. Working paper. Zentrum fur Europaishe Wirtschaftsforschung.
Kamien, M., E. Muller, and I. Zang. 1992. Research Joint Ventures and R&D Cartels. The American Economic Review 82 (5): 1293-1306.
Kamien, M., and I. Zang. 2000. Meet me halfway: research joint ventures and absorptive capacity. International Journal of Industrial Organization 18: 995-1012.
Kaplan, R., and D. Norton. 1992. The balanced scorecard - measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review 70 (1): 71-79.
Kaplan, R., and D. Norton. 1996. The Balanced Scorecard. Boston: Harvard Business Press.
Katz, M., and J. Ordover. 1990. R&D cooperation and competition. Brooking papers on Economic Activity. Microeconomics 1990. 137-203.
Klomp, L., and G. Leeuwen. 2001. Linking innovation and firm performance: a new approach. International Journal of the Economics of Business 8 (3): 343-364.
Kogut, B. 1988. Joint ventures: theoretical and empirical perspectives. Strategic Management Journal 9: 319-332.
Kogut, B. 1991. Joint ventures and the option to expand and acquire. Management Science37: 19-33.
Kothari, S., T. Laguerre, and A. Leone. 2002. Capitalization versus expensing: evidence on the uncertainty of future earnings from capital expenditures versus R&D outlays. Review of Accounting Studies 7: 355-382.
Lanjouw, J., and M. Schankerman. 2004. Patent quality and research productivity: measuring innovation with multiple indicators. Economic Journal 114: 441-465.
Lev, B. 2001. Intangibles-Management, Measurement, and Reporting. Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution Press.
Lev, B. 2004. Sharpening the intangibles edge. Harvard Business Review 82 (6): 109-117.
Levin, R., A. Klevorick, R. Nelson, S. Winter, R. Gilbert, and Z. Griliches. 1987. Appropriating the returns from industrial research and development. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1987 (3): 783-831.
Levin. R., and P. Reiss. 1988. Cost-reducing and demand-creating R&D with spillovers. Rand Journal of Economics 19: 538-556.
Liang, C., and M. Yao. 2005. The value-relevance of financial and non-financial information-evidence from Taiwan’s information electronics industry. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 24: 135-157.
Lin, B., and J. Chen. 2005. Corporate technology portfolios and R&D performance measures: a study of technology intensive firms. R&D Management 35 (2): 157-170.
Liu. J., H. Lin, and C. Chin. 2005. Path analysis of value chain of innovation: an empirical study of R&D investment. Management Review 24 (4): 29-56.
Luo, Y. 1997. Partner selection and venturing success: the case of joint ventures with firms in the People’s Republic of China. Organization Science 8 (6): 648-662.
Man, A. G. Duysters. 2005. Collaboration and innovation: a review of the effects of mergers, acquistions and alliances on innovation. Technovation 25: 1377-1387.
Mansfield, E., M. Schwartz, and S. Wagner 1981. Imitation costs and patents: an empirical study Economic Journal 91: 907–918.
Mansfield, E., 1985. How rapidly does new industrial technology leak out? Journal of Industrial Economics 34: 217-223.
Martin, S. 2002. Spillovers, appropriability, and R&D. Journal of Economics 75 (1): 1-32.
Mathews, J. A., and D. Cho. 2000. Tiger Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mathews, J. A. 2002. The origins and dynamics of Taiwan’s R&D consortia. Research policy 31: 633-651.
Matusik, S., and M. Heeley. 2005. Absorptive capacity in the software industry: identifying dimensions that affect knowledge and knowledge creation activities. Journal of Management 31 (4): 549-572.
Mazzucato, M. 2000. Firm Size, Innovation and Market Structure. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar.
Miles, R. E., and C. C. Snow. 1984. Fit, failure and the hall of fame. California Management Review XXVI: 10-18.
Miller, K., and W. Chen. 2004. Variable organizational risk preferences: tests of the March-Shapira model. Academy of Management Journal 47 (1): 105-115.
Milliou, C. 2004. Vertical integration and R&D information flow: is there a need for ‘firewalls’? International Journal of Industrial Organization 22: 25-43.
Miotti, L., and F. Sachwald. 2003. Cooperative R&D: why and with whom? An integrated framework of analysis. Research Policy 32: 1481–1499.
Miyagiwa, K., and Y. Ohno. 2002. Uncertainty, spillovers, and cooperative R&D. International Journal of Industrial Organization 20: 855-876.
Mody, A. 1993. Learning through alliances. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 20: 151-170.
Narin, F., and E. Noma. 1987. Patents as indicators of corporate technological strength. Research Policy 16: 143-155.
Negassi, S. 2004. R&D cooperation and innovation a microeconometric study on French firms. Research Policy 33: 365-384.
Oerlemans, L., and M. Meeus. 2001. R&D cooperation in a transaction cost perspective. Review of Industrial Organization 18: 77-90.
Omta, S., and A. De Leeuw. 1997. Management control, uncertainty, and performance in biomedical research in universities, institutes and companies. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 14: 223-257.
Pakes, A., and Z. Griliches. 1984. Patents and R&D at the firm level: the first look. In Griliches, Z. (Eds.). R&D, Patents, and Productivity. 55-72. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Palmer, T., and R. Wiseman. 1999. Decoupling risk taking from income stream uncertainty: a holistic model of risk. Strategic Management Journal 20: 1037-1062.
Rark, S., R. Chen, and S. Gallagher. 2002. Firm resources as moderators of the relationship between market growth and strategic alliances in semiconductor start-ups. Academy Management Journal 45 (3): 527-545.
Patel, P., and K. Pavitt. 1991. Large firms in the production of the world's technology: an important case of non-globalization. Journal of International Business Studies 22 (1): 1-21.
Penrose, E. 1959. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. New York: Wiley.
Peters, J., and W. Becker. 1997-98. Vertical corporate networks in the German automotive industry. International Studies of Management and Organization 27 (4): 158-185.
Petit, M., and B. Tolwinski. 1999. R&D cooperation or competition? European Economic Review 43: 185-208.
Porter, M. E. 1986. Changing patterns of international competition. California Management Review 28 (2): 9-40.
Rajgopal, S., M. Venkatachalam, and S. Kotha. 2003. The value relevance of network advantages: the case of e-commerce firms. Journal of Accounting Research 41 (1): 135-162.
Rogers, M. 1998. The definition and measurement of innovation. Working paper. The University of Melbourne.
Said, A., H. HassabElnaby, and B. Wier. 2003. An empirical investigation of the performance consequences of non-financial measures. Journal of Management Accounting Research 15: 193-223.
Sakakibara, M. 2002. Formation of R&D consortia: industry and company effects. Strategic Management Journal 23: 1033-1050.
Sakakibara, M. 2003. Knowledge sharing cooperative research and development. Managerial and Decision Economics 24: 117-132.
Sakakibara, M., and M. Dodgson. 2003. Strategic research Partnerships: Empirical Evidence from Asia: Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 15 (2): 227-245.
Sanchez, R. A. 1993. Strategic flexibility, firm organization, and managerial work in dynamic markets: a strategic-options perspective. In: Shrivastava, P., A. Huff, and J. E. Dutton. (Eds.). Advances in Strategic Management. Greenwich: JAI Press: 251-291.
Sarkar, M., R. Echambadi, and J. Harrison. 2001. Alliance entrepreneurship and firm market performance. Strategic Management Journal 22: 701-711.
Scherer, F. 1982. Demand-pull and technological invention: Schmookler revisited. Journal of Industrial Economics 30 (3): 225-237.
Schumpeter, J. 1934. The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Scotchmer, S. 2005. Innovation and Incentives. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Shapiro, C., and H. Varian. 1999. Information Rules. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Sher, P., and P. Yang. 2005. The effects of innovative capabilities and R&D clustering on firm performance: the evidence of Taiwan’s semiconductor industry. Technovation 25: 33-43.
Shrader, R. 2001. Collaboration and performance in foreign markets: the case of young high-technology manufacturing firms. Academy of Management Journal 44 (1): 45-60.
Shy, O. 1996. Industrial Organization: Theory and Application. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Siegel, D. S. 2003. Data requirements for assessing the private and social returns to strategic research partnerships: analysis and recommendations. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 15 (2): 207-225.
Souder, W., J. Sherman, and R. Davies-Cooper. 1998. Environmental uncertainty, organizational integration, and now product development effectiveness: a test of contingency theory. Journal of Product Innovation Management 15:520-533.new window
Spence, M. 1984. Cost reduction, competition, and industry performance. Econometrica 52 (1): 101-121.
Smith, R., and W. Wright. 2004. Determinants of customer loyalty and financial performance. Journal of Management Accounting Research 16: 183-205.
Snyder, N., and W. Glueck. 1982. Can environmental volatility be objectively measured? Academy of Management Journal 25: 185-192.
Stuart, T. 2000. Interorganizational alliances and the performance of firms: a study of growth and innovation rates in a high-technology industry. Strategic Management Journal 21: 791-811.
Steurs, G. 1995. Inter-industry R&D spillovers: what difference do they make? International Journal of Industrial Organization 13: 249-276.
Teece, D. J. 1986. Profiting from technology innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy 15: 285-305.
Teece, D. J. 1992. Competition, cooperation, and innovation: organizational arrangements for regimes of rapid technological progress. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 18: 1-25.
Teece, D. J., G. Pisano, and A. Shuen. 1997. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal 18: 509-533.
Tirole, J. 1988. The theory of industrial organization. London: The MIT Press.
Tosi, H. R. Aldag, and R. Storey. 1973. On the measurement of the environment: an assessment of the Lawrence and Lorsch environmental uncertainty subscale. Administrative Science Quarterly 18: 27-36.
Trajtenberg, M. 1989. The welfare analysis of product innovations with an application to computed tomography scanners. Journal of Political Economy 97: 444-479.
Tsai, K. 2005. R&D productivity and firm size: a nonlinear examination. Technovation 25: 795-803.
Tsai, K., and J. Wang. 2005. Does R&D performance decline with firm size? re-examination in terms of elasticity. Research Policy 34: 966-976.
Tushman, M., and D. Nadler. 1980. Communication and technical roles in R&D laboratories: an information processing approach. Management Science 15: 91-112.
Veugelers, R. 1998. Collaboration in R&D: an assessment of theoretical and empirical findings. De Economist 146 (3): 419-443.
Vonortas., N. 1994. Inter-firm cooperation with imperfectly appropriable research. International Journal of Industrial Organization 12: 413-435.
Wang, J. 1994. Cooperative research in a newly industrialized country: Taiwan. Research Policy 23: 697-711.
Wang, W., and C. Chang. 2004. The impacts of intellectual capital on performance: an empirical investigation of the Taiwan semiconductor industry. Internal Journal of Accounting Studies (會計評論) 39: 89-117.
Westhead, P., and D. Storey. 1997. Financial constraints on the growth of high-technology small firms in the United Kingdom. Applied Financial Economics 7. 197-201.
Wiethaus, L. 2005. Absorptive capacity and connectedness: why competing firms also adopt identical R&D approaches. International Journal of Industrial Organization 23: 467-481.
World Economic Forum. Global Competitiveness Report 2005-2006. http://www.weforum.org/site/homepublic.nsf/Content/Global+Competitiveness+Programme%5CGlobal+Competitiveness+Report.
Yu, C., Y. Chiao, and C. Chen. 2005. The impact of internationalization and proprietary assets on firm performance: an empirical analysis of Taiwan’s high-tech firms. International Journal of Technology Management 29 (1,2): 116-135.
Zahra, S., and G. George. 2002. Absorptive capacity: a review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review 27 (2): 185-203.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關書籍
 
無相關著作
 
無相關點閱
 
QR Code
QRCODE