現代性及其失落:康拉德作品中的內在/外在流亡__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	現代性及其失落:康拉德作品中的內在/外在流亡
作者：	高珮文
作者(外文)：	Kao, Pei Wen Clio
校院名稱：	國立政治大學
系所名稱：	英國語文學研究所
指導教授：	齊東耿羅狼仁
學位類別：	博士
出版日期：	2015
主題關鍵詞：	康拉德；阿多諾；流亡；可拉考斯基；現代主義；Joseph Conrad；Theodor Adorno；Exile；Kolakowski；Modernism
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:21

喬瑟夫‧康拉德(Joseph Conrad)自稱為「雙面人」，因為在他的人生及作品中處處展現了「無法妥協的對立面」，而且充滿了似是而非的矛盾與隱晦。這位以其作品複雜、雙面著稱的跨世紀作家結合了對立的元素，例如：希望與懷疑，道德觀與憤世嫉俗。基於這樣的特色，我的論文旨在探討康拉德作品中現代性帶來的災難與其後救贖可能性的關聯。一方面，我會聚焦於康拉德如何於作品中呈現現代性的負面，尤其是如洪水猛獸般襲來的工業化科技、殖民事業、以及資本主義式的經濟體系等等，這些現代性的負面性同時催毀了來自歐洲的殖民者與殖民地居民的生活。另一方面，我會嘗試發掘康拉德筆下堅忍的角色，如何於現代性所造成崩壞的人群關係後，所產生的悲觀與失敗的表面之下，仍然懷抱希望與救贖。我的中心論點在於闡釋康拉德小說中的人物在面對現代性的暴力所造成的災難與失落時，如何選擇以外在流亡（離群索居）以及內在流亡（心智孤獨）來救贖原本和諧而受到現代性催毀及剝奪進展的人群關係；這些堅忍的角色最終以英雄式的救贖之姿承受痛苦、歷經告白懺悔、甚至是接受死亡痛楚，以達到最終的救贖理想，並贖回曾喪失的人性尊嚴。
我的方法論主要取經於阿多諾(Theodor Adorno)以及可拉考斯基(Kołakowski)兩位學者的現代性理論。這兩位學者對於現代性所帶來的危機抱持迥異的態度─如此的差異正恰如其份的展現康拉德於作品中處理現代性問題時所抱持的矛盾態度。阿多諾哀悼現代性的啟蒙文化已倒退至充滿迷思的野蠻思維，並且反對經由宗教尋求可能的出路。相對地，可拉考斯基求援於基督教精神，以解救啟蒙文化免於墮落。阿多諾精確地檢視現代啟蒙文化所隱含的極權主義傾向，但卻只於他的論述中模糊指出一個經由否定現狀而實現烏托邦未來的可能性（通常是經由美學的途徑來完成），並未明確指出具體的方法以達到這樣的烏托邦社會目標。藉由引用兩位學者的方法理論，我的論文將先援引阿多諾的論述以檢視康拉德作品中所描述現代性所帶來的種種災難，尤其是經由科技發達、資本主義競爭以及官僚體制帶來的悲劇。其次，我將援引可拉考斯基的「流亡神話」理論以闡釋康拉德作品中所隱含的救贖可能性，以突破現代性所造成的悲慘現代社會的狀態。

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As a “homo duplex” (the double man), Joseph Conrad in his life and works displayed the “irreconcilable antagonisms” that feature in paradoxes and ambiguities. Drawing on the complexity and janiformity characteristic of the works of this border-crossing writer that combine the contradictory senses of hope and skepticism, of moral vision and cynicism, my dissertation aims to explore the relation of the disasters of modernity and the consequent possibility of redemption in Conrad’s works. On the one hand, I will focus on Conrad’s representation of the underside of modernity – especially its monstrous manifestations in industrial technology, the colonial enterprise and the capitalist economic world system – that destroys the lives of both the European whites and the colonial natives in the modern world. On the other hand, I will attempt to tease out the possibility of hope and redemption demonstrated by Conrad’s stoical and enduring characters beneath the pessimistic surface of defeat and downfall of all human relationship that modernity entails. My central argument is to demonstrate how, when faced with the disasters and losses brought about by the violence of modernity, Conrad’s characters either choose external exile of physical separation or internal exile of mental solitude to redeem the evils of modernity that disrupt the harmony of human relationship and deprive the rights of living a better life, culminating in the stoical characters’ heroic act of atonement through suffering, confession, or even death to achieve the ideal of redemption and recover the lost sense of human dignity.
My theoretical approaches are mainly borrowed from Theodor Adorno’s and Leszek Kołakowski’s theories of modernity. The two sources are very different in their attitudes toward the crisis of modernity, which in a sense shows the contradiction inherent in Conrad’s treatment of the problems of modern world in his works. Adorno laments the regression of the modern Enlightenment culture toward mythical barbarism and denies a possible solution based on a religious framework; while Kołakowski resorts to the thoughts of Christian religion to rescue the Enlightenment culture from its degradation. Adorno gives trenchant analysis of the totalitarian tendency inherent in the enlightened modern culture, but only proposes a vague hope in the realization of a utopian future as a negating of existing situation, hinted at the aesthetic realm, but without pointing out a concrete way to reach such a goal in society. Accordingly, in my application of the two approaches, I shall first rely on Adorno’s theory to examine the disastrous consequences of modernity in terms of its technological advances, capitalist competition and bureaucratic regime as represented in Conrad’s works; then secondly turn to Kołakowski’s theory of the “myth of exile” to expound the possibility of redemption embedded in Conrad’s works as a way out of the miserable condition of modernity.

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