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題名:優秀田徑選手不同專長類別基本運動能力與身體組成之分析
作者:蔣光明
作者(外文):CHIANG, KUANG-MING
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:特殊教育學系
指導教授:吳裕益
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2016
主題關鍵詞:田徑體能評估基本運動能力track and fieldFitness Assessmentfundamental motor abilities
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本研究的目的是在探討不同專長類別優秀田徑選手基本運動能力與身體組成之差異情形。研究的對象是87名現役大專甲組男、女田徑優秀選手,包括17名短跑選手(男9、女8),38名中長跑選手(男27、女11),16名跳部選手(男8、女8),16名擲部選手(男8、女8)。本研究使用 SPSS 21.0 for Windows 進行描述性統計分析,獨立樣本單因子變異數分析、逐步區別分析及淨相關(控制變項:性別),來探討不同專長類別優秀田徑選手在基本運動能力與身體組成之差異情形。本研究主要發現有:(1)不同專長類別女生除了在「肌耐力 30 秒」、「平衡感左」、「身高」,以及男生在「柔軟度」之差異未達顯著水準之外,其餘的基本運動能力及身體組成四組都有顯著差異。(2)女性田徑運動員除了柔軟度優於男性外,其餘基本運動能力及皆是男優於女。(3)在可有效預測田徑選手運動項目的基本運動能力部分,女生依序是心肺耐力 800m/1600m、心肺耐力 12 分鐘跑、敏捷性 T 測驗及爆發力,男生依序是心肺耐力 12 分鐘跑、肌耐力 60 秒、平衡感左及速度。(4)在可有效預測田徑選手運動項目的身體組成部分,女生依序是全身體脂肪率、左臂體脂肪、右腿體脂肪、體內年齡及腰圍,男生部分依序是軀幹肌肉量及體內脂肪。(5)田徑選手與其運動競賽表現有較高關係之基本運動能力變項主要是速度、敏捷性及肌耐力。
關鍵詞:田徑、體能評估、基本運動能力
The purpose of this research was to examine the differences in fundamental motor abilities and body compositions of outstanding track-and-field athletes in different specialties. The subjects are present 87 outstanding male and female athletes from collegiate Class-A teams, including 17 sprinters (9 males and 8 females), 38 middle and long-distance runners (27 males and 11 females), 16 jumping athletes (8 males and 8 females), and 16 throwing athletes (8 males and 8 females). This research used SPSS 21.0 for Windows to run descriptive statistics, independent sample one-way analysis of variance for independent samples, stepwise discriminant analysis and partial correlation (control variable: gender), to explore the differences in fundamental motor abilities and body composition of outstanding track-and-field athletes in different specialties. The major findings are as follows:(1)For different specialties, while the differences of female athletes,muscular endurance-30 seconds, balance-left and body height as well as male athletes, flexibility have not reached significant level, other fundamental motor abilities and body composition of the four groups have achieved significant level.(2)Female track-and-field athletes performed better only in flexibility than their male counterparts, whereas male athletes got better performance than female ones in the rest of fundamental motor abilities.(3)Regarding the effectiveness of predicting track-and-field athletes sport performance from fundamental motor abilities, the females sequence of strength is cardiorespiratory endurance 800m/1600m, Cardiorespiratory endurance-12-minute running, agility-T-drill, explosive power and the males, sequence of strength is Cardiorespiratory endurance-12-minute running, muscular endurance-60seconds, balance-left, speed.(4)About the effectiveness of predicting track-and-field athletes, sport performance from body composition, the female athletes, sequence is body fat percentage ratio, left-arm fat percentage, right-leg fat percentage, physical age , waistline, whereas the male athletes, is trunk lean mass, body fat.(5)Speed, agility and muscular endurance are the key fundamental-motor-ability variables that bear stronger relation between the athletes and their sport performance.
Key words:track and field,Fitness Assessment,fundamental motor abilities
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