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題名:督導者反移情量表之編製與相關研究
作者:方韻珠
作者(外文):Fang, YUN-JU
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:諮商心理與復健諮商研究所
指導教授:徐西森
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2016
主題關鍵詞:諮商督導者督導者反移情督導者反移情量表Counseling supervisorsSupervisor countertransferencethe Supervisor countertransference Scale
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本研究旨在編製「督導者反移情量表」,探討不同背景督導者在人際依附風格、督導反移情及督導關係之差異與相關,與探究督導者反移情是否為人際依附風格與督導關係因果關係的中介變項,提供諮商師教育者與諮商督導實務工作者一套客觀有效的評量工具,以進行早期評估,俾擬定適切的督導策略與模式。本研究採德懷術研究法與問卷調查法,本量表編製預試樣本118人、正式量表施測樣本129人,樣本皆具有諮商心理師證照且有督導實務經驗。本研究工具有「督導者反移情量表」、「人際依附風格量表」及「督導關係量表」。本研究以SPSS、AMOS等統計軟體,進行項目分析、積差相關、主成分分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、單因子變異數分析、結構方程模式、階層迴歸分析,與驗證性因素分析等進行資料處理與分析考驗。本研究結果如下:
1.德懷術專家對督導者反移情內涵的看法包括認知、情緒與行為三個向度。
2.督導者反移情量表計21題,含敵意、疏離與自責等三個分量表(各有11題、5題及5題),督導反移情量表各分量表Cronbach's α值介於.756至.934之間,總量表之Cronbach'sα值為.934,總量表與分量表皆具有良好的內部一致性,量表以結構方程模式來進行驗證性因素考驗。結果顯示督導者反移情量表的一階三潛在變項模式之整體適配度良好,模式內在品質與外在品質佳。
3.本研究在督導者不同背景變項差異分析的結果如下:
(1)不同的性別、督導者年資、學歷等變項在督導反移情上並無顯著差異。
(2)已受督導課程訓練督導者的督導反移情較未受過督導課程訓練者低;督導者對相關科系受督者比專業科系受督者較容易出現「敵意反移情」與「自責反移情」。
(3)安全依附的督導者較不會出現督導反移情,與受督者的督導關係較佳;不安全依附風格之督導者較容易出現督導者反移情,與受督者的督導關係較差。
4.督導者反移情與安全依附無顯著相關,與焦慮依附與逃避依附呈現正相關;敵意反移情與逃避依附、焦慮避依附及排拒依附呈現顯著正相關;疏離反移情與安全依附呈現顯著負相關,與逃避依附、焦慮依附及排拒依附呈現正相關;自責反移情與安全依附呈現負相關,與焦慮依附、逃避依附與排拒依附呈現正相關。
5.督導者反移情與督導關係之間呈現顯著負相關;督導關係與安全依附呈現顯著正相關,與焦慮依附、逃避依附、排拒依附皆呈現顯著負相關。
6.督導者的人際依附風格與督導者反移情都是影響督導關係的重要預測因子。
7.人際依附風格、督導者反移情與督導關係模式驗證達適配標準。
8.督導者反移情在人際依附風格對督導關係的因果模式中具中介變項的影響,且有完全中介效果,在不安全依附風格、督導者反移情與督導關係影響徑路的直接效果值為-.546;在安全依附風格、督導者反移情與督導關係影響徑路的直接效果值為-.597。
根據上述研究結果,本研究對本量表應用及未來研究提出具體建議,供諮商師教育者與諮商督導實務工作者參考。
The purpose of this study is to develop the Countertransference Scale for Counseling Supervisors(CSCS)which can provide practical advices for counselor educators and counseling practitioner. The data collected are analyzed through Item Analysis, Correlation Analysis , Correlation Analysis , ANOVA, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, SEM, CFA, and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. The results are as follows:
1. T he opinion of the Delphi technique experts consists of three dimensions: cognition, emotion and behavior.
2.The final version of CSCS consists of 21 items, divided into3 subscales: hostile countertransference subscale, distant countertransference subscale, and self-blame countertransference subscale. The reliability studies of the 3 subscales of CSCS have yielded Cronbach’ α coefficients ranging from.756 to .934. The Cronbach’ αcoefficients of total scale is.934, indicating substantial stability. The content validity construct validity and have been found to be satisfactory.
3. The results of ANOVA are as follows:
(1)According to the outcome of ANOVA, different genders, supervisors’ professional experiences and degree of their education will not influence the CSCS significantly.
(2)The supervisors equipped with supervisory programs show lower countertransference than those without supervisory programs. The supervisors show higher hostility countertransference and self-blame countertransference to the supervisees belonging to non-professional college department than to those belonging to counseling college department.
(3)The supervisors with secure attachment style shows lower countertransference and have better relationship with supervisees than those with insecure attachment styles; on the contrary, those with insecure attachment style shows higher countertransference and have worse relationship with supervisees than those with secure attachment styles.
4. There is no significant correlation between supervisor countertransference and secure attachment style; however, there is significant positive correlation between supervisor countertransference and anxiety as well as avoiding attachment style. The hostile countertransference subscale shows significant positive correlation with avoiding, anxiety and dismissing attachment style. The distant countertransference subscale shows significant negative correlation with secure attachment style; however, it shows significant positive correlation with avoiding, anxiety and dismissing attachment style. The self-blame countertransference subscale shows significant negative correlation with secure attachment style; however, it shows significant positive correlation with avoiding, anxiety and dismissing attachment style.
5. There is significant negative correlation between supervisor countertransference and supervisory relationship. The supervisory relationship scale shows positive correlation with secure attachment style; however, it shows negative correlation with anxiety ,avoiding ,and dismissing attachment style.
6.The supervisor countertransference and human relationship attachment styles are the predict factors that can predict supervisory relationship.
7.The results of the Structural equation modeling of the human relationship attachment styles , supervisor countertransference, and supervisory relationship verify the assumption modeling and show a clear chain of cause and effect .
8. The supervisor countertransference mediated the relationship between the attachment styles and the supervisory relationship. The direct effect of supervisor countertransference in insecure attachment styles and supervisory relationship causal relation is -.546; however, The direct effect of it in secure attachment styles and supervisory relationship causal relation is-.597。
Based on the findings, the implication of CSCS and suggestions are offered for references regarding career education, career counseling, and the future research..
keywords: Counseling supervisors, Supervisor countertransference , the Supervisor countertransference Scale
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