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題名:臺灣老年人休閒性身體活動、坐式生活型態及健康體適能與自覺幸福感之關聯性之探討: 多元適應性雲形迴歸之應用
作者:林依恬
作者(外文):LIN,YI-TIEN
校院名稱:輔仁大學
系所名稱:商學研究所博士班
指導教授:李天行
陳銘芷
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:運動久坐行為體適能幸福感銀髮族Physical activityExercise, Sedentary lifestyleFunctional fitnessHappinessElderly
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臺灣人口高齡化的速度提升,老化造成醫療及家庭負擔等問題,為公共衛生高齡健康政策的嚴峻考驗。健康體適能(Health-related physical fitness)是身體具備適應外界環境的能力,亦可作為個人身體活動及坐式生活型態指標預測其身心健康狀況。然而,關於身體活動、坐式生活型態與健康體適能對幸福感之間的相關性依然尚未釐清。本研究目的係探討休閒性身體活動、坐式生活型態及健康體適能的對自覺幸福感所扮演的角色。研究方法:研究設計將採橫斷面研究,資料來源係為教育部體育署「國民體適能檢測站設置計畫」資料庫,調查時間為2015年10月至2016年5月,共招募20,111位65歲以上健康人,排除不適合對象後,共計13,703位進行分析。受試者基本資料、身體活動情形、坐式生活型態及自覺幸福感係採用結構式問卷進行調查。健康體適能檢測項目共5項包括:心肺耐力(原地抬膝踏步)、肌力及肌耐力(肱二頭肌手臂屈舉及椅子坐立)、柔軟度(抓背測驗及椅子坐姿體前彎)、平衡能力(椅子坐立繞物及開眼單足立) 及身體組成。使用t檢定評估連續與等級變數在性別、城鄉別、獨居狀態二分類變數下的組間差異; 使用MARS方法分析健康體適能及身體活動與幸福感之間的關係。研究結果顯示男性幸福感影響最大的是上肢肌耐力,而對女性而言,動態平衡為其最大幸福感來源。在健康老年人中,性別、年齡、獨居狀態、身體質量指數、身體活動習慣被證明與幸福感相關。身體質量指數,節點前隨BMI上升,幸福感上升,為幸福感重要預測因子。同時,幸福感與心肺耐力,肌肉力量和耐力,柔軟度以及平衡能力此六種體適能表現相關。綜上而言,未來衛生單位推動相關健康老化政策,本研究的變項應納入為預測因子去建構幸福感的預測模式。推動健康老化,由身心健康著手,增強身體活動量(身),幸福感上升(心),擁有健康生活。
With extending longevity, Taiwan officially enters the stage of “aging society”, which poses new challenges to public health policies due to medical and health care needs. Health-related physical fitness designates the capacity of the body in adapting to the exterior environment and serves as an indicator for predicting a person’s status of health by correlating them to his/her physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. However, the correlation between physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and health-related physical fitness and its link to happiness is a subject that has not been properly investigated. The present study aims to probe into the relationship between leisure-time physical activity, health-related physical fitness and happiness among senior citizens in Taiwan.
Methods:
The cross-sectional study uses the database, "National Physical Fitness Testing Station Installation Program" sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The survey period was October 2015 to May 2016with a total of 20,111 healthy people over 65 recruited for the research. After eliminating incongruent samples, the data of a total of 13,703 senior citizens in Taiwan is sued for statistical analysis. Participants' personal information, leisure-time physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and happiness are investigated using a structured questionnaire.
The five health-related physical fitness test items are as follows:
1. Aerobic endurance (2-minute step test)
2. Muscle strength and endurance (30-second arm curl and 30-second chair stand tests)
3. Flexibility (Back stretch and chair sit-and-reach tests)
4. Balance (one-leg stance with eyes open and 8-foot up-and-go tests)
5. Body composition (body mass index, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio, WHR)
T test is used to evaluate the differences between continuous and grade variables under the two classification variables of gender, urban and rural, and solitary status; then MARS model is applied to analyze the correlations between health-related physical fitness variables and leisure-time physical activity variables on happiness.
The survey result indicates that the greatest influence on male happiness is upper limb muscular strength and endurance, while for women, dynamic balance. For healthy senior citizens, factors prompting their sense of happiness include: gender, age, living status, body mass index, and leisure physical activity. Happiness and aerobic endurance (2-minute step test), muscular strength and endurance (30-second arm curl and 30-second chair stand tests), flexibility (back stretch and chair sit-and-reach tests) and balance ability (8-foot up-and-go tests and one-leg stance with eyes open tests) are also related. Within the knot, sense of happiness increases with the increase of body mass index (BMI), an indicator which effectively prognosticates the probable outlook of well-being.
The findings of this research provide useful reference for both the government and private sectors in their implementation of health-related policies for a rapidly aging society in Taiwan. The variables discussed in this study can serve as predictors in constructing new models for the betterment of physical health and psychological well-being so that senior citizens can enjoy quality life in the future.
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