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題名:專業出口廠商聯合行為之均衡分析
書刊名:公平交易季刊
作者:黃亮洲
作者(外文):Huang, Liang-chou
出版日期:2000
卷期:8:1
頁次:頁101-126
主題關鍵詞:出口廠商聯合行為公平交易法
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本文擬由經濟學理論為基礎探討公平法第十四條第四款之學理基礎與實務現狀。依據該項規定之精神,若廠商為了「確保或促進輸出,而專就國外市場之競爭」相互結盟而形成「出口卡特爾」,公平會得以准許廠商採行該項聯合行為。就外國的案例分析,我們可以發現,一國廠商在國外市場採取勾結策略而形成卡特爾組織的現車相當普遍。但根據公平會所公告的現有案例得知,自從民國八十一年公平法實行至今將屆滿八年,從未有廠商根據該項規定向公平會申請進行聯合行為,亦即我國尚未而形成任何正式的出口卡特爾,本文將以經濟理論分析其中的可能的因素。 在本文之中,我們以一個三階段的賽局模型,探討均衡出口卡特爾之形成。由文中的討論得知,當進口國之消費完全依賴出口廠商之生產時,若出口廠商家數極少,則由全體廠商所組成的「大集團卡特爾」可能是「強韌性納許均衡卡特爾」且該卡特爾組織會使出口國的福利達到最大。但若廠商家數夠多時則卡特爾不是均衡的結果。當進口國有一家廠商生產該進口品時,若只有兩家出口廠商,則卡特爾可能是均衡的結果,如果出口廠商不只兩家,則卡特爾不是均衡的結果,而大集團卡特爾對出口國未必最有利。由於我國出口廠商多屬中小企業,廠商家數多,而依據本文模型推論結果得知,若廠商家數較多時,則廠商自利選擇的結果是不形成卡特爾,這可以解釋為何我國公平法實施至今,尚未有廠商申請組成出口卡特爾的原因。而就我們所觀察到的外國案例而言,出口卡特爾都是存在於廠商家數極少的產業。所以本文理論的推論結果與現實情況相當契合。
In this paper we use a three-stage game model to examine the formation of an export cartel. We assume that only one cartel is allowed and that firms formate cartel by the rule of Open Membership. We introduce the notion of strong Nash equilibrium and coalition-proof Nash equilibrium to stud the equilibrium cartel structer. When there are only few firms in the export country, then export cartel may be a colaliton-proof Nash equilibrium cartel structer, in addition, the grand coalition cartel may be a coalition-proof Nash equilibrium carte. On the country, if there are many firm in the export country, singleton is the equilibrium outcome, that is, export firms do not formate a cartel.
期刊論文
1.D'Aspremont, C.、Jaskold-Gabszewicz, J.、Jacquemin, A.、Weymark, J. A.(1983)。On the Stability of Collusive Price Leadership。Canadian Journal of Economics,16(1),17-25。  new window
2.Bernheim, B. E.、Peleg, B.、Whinston, M. D.(1987)。Coalition-Proof Nash Equilibria: I. Concepts。Journal of Economic Theory,42,1-12。  new window
3.Boylan, R. T.(1998)。Coalition-Proof Implementation。Journal of Economic Theory,82(1),132-143。  new window
4.Donsimoni, M.、Economides, N. S.、Polemarchaskis, H. M.(1986)。Stable Cartel。International Economic Review,27(2),317-327。  new window
5.Eaton, C.、Eswaran, M.(1998)。Endogenous Cartel Formation。Australia Economic Papers,37(1),1-13。  new window
6.Ray, D.、Vohra, R.(1997)。Equilibrium Binding Agreements。Journal of Economic Theory,73,30-78。  new window
7.Ray, D.、Vohra, R.(1999)。Theory of Endogenous Coalition Structers。Game and Economic Behavior,26,286-336。  new window
8.Thoron, S.(1998)。Formation of a Coalition-proof Stable Cartel。Canadian Journal of Economics,31(1),63-76。  new window
9.Yi, S.(1997)。Stable Coalition Structers with Externaities。Game and Economic Behavior,20,201-237。  new window
10.Yi, S.(1999)。On the Coalition-Proofness of the Pareto Frontier of the Set of Nash Equilibria。Game and Economic Behavior,26,353-364。  new window
11.Bulow, Jeremy I.、Geanakoplos, John D.、Klemperer, Paul D.(1985)。Multimarket Oligopoly: Strategic Substitutes and Complements。Journal of Political Economy,93(3),488-511。  new window
會議論文
1.Huang, L.、Wu, M.(1998)。Endogenous formation of horizontal Mergers。Econometric Society Winter Meeting。  new window
研究報告
1.Huang, Liang-Chou(1999)。On Formation of a Coailiton-proof Nash Equilibrium Cartel。  new window
2.Yi, S.、Shin, H.(1995)。Endogenous Formation of Coalitions in Oligopoly。Department of Economics, Darthmouth College。  new window
3.Yi, S.(1995)。Stable Coalition Structers with Postive External Effects。Department of Economics, Darthmouth College。  new window
學位論文
1.黃亮洲(1997)。廠商合併之內生均衡分析(博士論文)。國立臺灣大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.黃亮洲(1997)。競爭型態內生化與非關稅貿易政策均衡分析。  延伸查詢new window
2.Scherer, F. M.(1994)。Competition Policies for an Integrated World Economy。Washington, D.C.:The Brookings Institution。  new window
圖書論文
1.Jacquemin, A.、Slade, M.(1989)。Cartel, Collusion, and Hroizonital Merger。Handbook of Industry Organization。Amsterdam:North-Hall。  new window
 
 
 
 
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