本文探討中國大陸在向市場經濟轉型過程中所衍生的問題，諸如社會治 安惡化、失業問題嚴重、群眾抗爭事件頻傳、幹部貪腐、民運、少數民族和宗教 問題等。探究其深層原因主要涉及「黨/國」(party-state)、「國家/社會」(state-society)、 政權體系、制度滯後等體制上的問題。中共目前的解決對策並非針對大陸社會多 元化的趨勢，採取擴大政治參與、增進權力制衡等因勢利導措施，而是採取軟硬 兼施的防堵治標作法，此將使大陸內部所蓄積的不穩定能量持續增加。未來中國 大陸的政治制度是否能隨著社會發展進行深度的改革，真正化解各種社會問題和 危機，值得重視。

　　　　　This article examines institutional transformation during themarketization in Mainland China. During this period, the "centralplanning" economy system is gradually transformed toward a "socialist market" economy system. Social structure has becomedifferentiated, and social classification has become blurred. Theoriginal operational mechanism of the Chinese society also haschanged. These social changes may lead Mainland China to facesevere social crisis. Detailed analysis reveals that the party-stateand state-society authority system, are deeply involved. The PRCgovernment failed to solve problems by expanding personal politicalparticipation, enhancing power counterbalance, and taking othercircumstance-guided approaches, but to use both tough and gentleblocking actions. Such movements have already accumulated energyof potential instability inside Mainland China. Whether politicalinstitutions of Mainland China would reform in accordance withsocial development in the future deserves our close attention.