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題名：潛在結構模式(Latent Structure Models)在行為科學中的應用
書刊名：長庚護理
作者：謝雨生／鄭宜仲
作者(外文)：Hsieh, Yeu-sheng／Jeng, Yi-jong
出版日期：2000
卷期：11:4=32
頁次：頁36-45
主題關鍵詞：類別資料；潛在結構模式；潛在因素；墮胎態度；Categorical variables；Latent structure models；Latent factors；MLLSA；Abortion attitude
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相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:67
　　　　　社會科學研究中經常使用統計分析方法來協助研究者做判斷。然而，不同的統計方法有其不同的適用情境或條件限制，絕大部分使用的決策都與收集之資料的測量尺度與資料型態有關。一般而言，研究者對於連續性變項的處理方法較為熟悉，而對於類別資料的處理方法則侷限於常見的邏輯迴歸分析或對數線性模型等分析方法。此外，部分的統計方法目的在於精簡測量變項的向度，較常見的方法也是處理連續性資料的因素分析等，而對於類別變項的資料之精簡方法則較不熟悉。因此，本文將以實例說明潛在結構模式的應用，這種方法的主要目的或其應用時機是在於將多個外顯類別變項精簡為一個也是多類別的潛在因素(Latent Factor)。 本文先介紹潛在結構模式的基本原則與運算過程，並使用McCutcheon(1996)的資料，嘗試由民眾在四種不同情境下:(1)健康理由(2)受暴理由(3)貧窮理由及(4)單身理由，是否贊成墮胎的意見中，整合分析出一個具有多類別的墮胎態度(潛在因素)。經過使用Clogg所發展的MLLSA套裝軟體的運算，得到一個三類別的墮胎態度，分別命名為「自由型」、「情境型」及「保守型」。潛在結構模式分析的目的並不只是在於發展並找出潛在因素之類型而已，研究者常會再利用這個多類別潛在因素作進一步的分析，如探討教育、宗教信仰及社經地位等變項對墮胎態度的影響;或者將墮胎態度當成一個自變項，再去探討它對避孕方法或婚前性行為等現象的可能影響。然而這個部分並不是本文撰寫的重點所在，因此這部分有待相關主題研究者進一步地加以發揮。
　　　　　This paper discusses latent structure models and their application in behavioral science research,illustrating the use of such models with an empirical example. The data used as an example areadopted from the crosstabs of abortion attitudes in McCutcheon's study (1996). This example considersa single latent variable (X) with four observed indicators (A, B, C, and D). The indictor variablesexamine the respondents' approval of legalized abortion under four scenarios: when the health of thewoman is seriously jeopardized (health reason), when the pregnancy is the result of rape (rape reason),when the (married) woman is too poor to have additional children (poor reason), and when the (single)woman does not wish to marry the man (single reason). MLLSA program originally developed byClogg was used to analyze the data and the latent structure model using three classes was found to bethe best fit for the data. The three latent classes were named the liberal type (36), contingent type(41), and conservative type (23), respectively. Interpretation of the models is provided in thispaper. The latent structure model is shown to be appropriate for a broad range of empirical problemsin the behavioral sciences.
期刊論文
1.Clogg, C. C.、Goodman, L. A.(1984)。Latent Structure Analysis of a Set of Multidimensional Contingency Tables。Journal of the American Statistical Association，79(388)，762-771。  new window
2.Brownfield, D.、Sorenson, A. M.(1987)。A Latent Structure Analysis of Delinquency。Journal of Quantitative Criminology，3(2)，103-124。  new window
3.Clogg, C. C.(1981)。Latent Structure Models of Mobility。American Journal of Sociology，86(4)，836-868。  new window
4.Clogg, C. C.(1980)。Characterizing the Class Organization of Labor Market Opportunity: A Modified Latent Structure Approach。Sociological Methods and Research，8(3)，243-272。  new window
5.Clogg, C. C.(1979)。Some Latent Structure Models for the Analysis of Likert Type Data。Social Science Research，8(4)，287-301。  new window
6.Hagenaars, J. A.(1998)。Categorical Causal Modeling: Latent Class Analysis and Directed Loglinear Models with Latent Variables。Sociological Methods and Research，26(4)，436-486。  new window
7.Madden, T. J.、Dillon, W. R.(1982)。Causal Analysis and Latent Class Models: An Application to a Communication Hierarchy of Effects Models。Journal of Marketing Research，19(4)，472-490。  new window
8.Marsden, P. V.(1985)。Latent Structure Models for Relationally Defined Social Classes。American Journal of Sociology，90(5)，1002-1021。  new window
9.Hogan, D. P.、Eggegean, D. L.、Clogg, C. C.(1993)。The Structure of Intergenerational Exchanges in American Families。American Journal of Sociology，98(6)，1428-1458。  new window
10.Tuch, S. A.(1984)。A Multivariate Analysis of Response Structure: Race Attitudes, 1972-1977。Social Science Research，13(1)，55-71。  new window
11.Tuch, S. A.(1981)。Analyzing Recent Trends in Prejudice Toward Blacks: Insights from Latent Class Models。American Journal of Sociology，87(1)，130-142。  new window
12.Birkelund, Gunn E.、Goodman, L. A.、Rose, D.(1996)。The Latent Structure of Job Characteristics of Men and Women。American Journal of Sociology，102(1)，80-113。  new window
13.Goodman, L. A.(1974)。The Analysis of Systems of Qualitative Variables When Some of the Variables Are Unobservable. Part I: A Modified Latent Structure Approach。American Journal of Sociology，79(5)，1179-1259。  new window
14.Goodman, Leo A.(1974)。Exploratory latent structure analysis using both identifiable and unidentifiable models。Biometrika，61(2)，215-231。  new window
研究報告
1.Clogg, C. C.(1977)。Unrestricted and Restricted Maximum Likelihood Latent Structure Analysis: A Manual for Users。University Park, PA：Population Issues Research Office。  new window
圖書
1.Clogg, C. C.(1979)。Measuring Underemployment: Demographic Indicators for the United States。New York：Academic Press。  new window
2.Fienberg, S. E.(1980)。The Analysis of Crossclassified Categorical Data。Cambridge, MA：The MIT Press。  new window
3.Haberman, S. J.(1979)。Analysis of Qualitative Data: New Development。New York：Academic Press。  new window
4.Goodman, L. A.(1984)。The Analysis of Crossclassified Data Having Ordered Categories。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
5.Goodman, L. A.(1978)。Analyzing Qualitative/Categorical Data。Cambridge, MA：Abt Books。  new window
6.Lazaisfeld, P. R.、Henry, N. W.(1968)。Latent Structure Analysis。Boston：Houghton Mifflin。  new window
7.Dillon, William R.、Goldstein, Matthew(1984)。Multivariate Analysis: Methods and Applications。New York：John Wiley and Sons, Inc.。  new window
圖書論文
1.Becker, M. P.、Yang, I.(1998)。Latent Class Marginal Models for Cross-Classifications of Counts。Sociological Methodology。Washington, DC：American Sociological Association。  new window
2.Clogg, C. C.(1981)。New Development in Latent Structure Analysis。Factor Analysis and Measurement in Sociological Research。Beverly Hill：Sage。  new window
3.Clogg, C. C.(1981)。A Comparison of Alternative Models for Analyzing the Scalability of Response Patterns。Sociological Methodology。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。  new window
4.Heijden, P. G. M.、Gilula, Z.、Ark, L. A.(1999)。On a Relation between Joint Correspondence Analysis and Latent Class Analysis。Sociological Methodology。Washington, DC：American Sociological Association。  new window
5.McCutcheon, G.(1996)。Multiple Group Association Models with Latent Variables: An Analysis of Secular Trends in Abortion Attitudes, 1972-1988。Sociological Methodology。Oxford：Basil Blackwell。  new window
6.Wiley, J. A.、Martin, J. L.(1999)。Algebraci Representations of Beliefs and Attitudes: Partial Order Models for Item Responses。Sociological Methodology。Washington, DC：American Sociological Association。  new window
7.Reiser, M.、Lin, Y.(1999)。A Goodness-of-Fit Test for the Latent Class Model When Expected Frequencies Are Small。Sociological Methodology。Washington, DC：American Sociological Association。  new window
 
 
 
 
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