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題名:由胚胎幹細胞研究探討美國專利法上「道德」實用性因應生物科技的必要性
書刊名:臺北大學法學論叢
作者:陳文吟 引用關係
作者(外文):Chen, Wen-yin
出版日期:2001
卷期:49
頁次:頁179-223
主題關鍵詞:幹細胞胚胎幹細胞造血幹細胞神經幹細胞多效性幹細胞複效性幹細胞細胞系複製人實用性道德實用性產業上可利用性生物科技Stem cellsEmbryonic stem cellsHematopoietic stem cellsNeural stem cellsMultipotent stem cellsPluripotent stem cellsCell linesHuman cloningUtilityUsefulnessMoral utilityIndustrial susceptibilityBiotechnoloty
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(9) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:7
  • 共同引用共同引用:29
  • 點閱點閱:55
西元一九九八年,Thomson與Gearhart相繼培養出胚胎幹細胞系,西元二○○○年NIH公布資助複效性幹細胞的基準,西元二○○一年眾議院通過禁止複製人法案,嗣於八月九日布希總統發表聲明,指聯邦政府將有條件地資助胚胎幹細胞的研究,所謂「有條件」,係指科學家僅得就現存已遭摧毀的胚胎所萃取的幹細胞進行研究。 胚胎幹細胞的研究可發展基因療法、醫藥品等等對人類健康有極大助益,當然對於生物科技公司而言,它,也潛藏著龐大的經濟利潤。然而,所謂「胚胎幹細胞」係源自於胚胎,使論者質疑科學家的胚胎來源,有戕害生命之虞,並憂心其日後的發展是否形成人類複製的研究。換言之,其主要爭議在於違反道德乙節。 儘管有前揭限制,科學家仍得尋求私人經費贊助,不經複製方式,以尚未經摧毀之現存或未來產生的胚胎萃敢幹細胞進行研究。科學家們的研究,惟有賴專利制度予以規範管理,此因生物科技發展的主要誘因,便是專利制度所賦與的排他性權利因此衍生的經濟價值。 美國專利法早期藉道德實用性否准專利,嗣為法院以三權分立為由不予採行,為確保生物科技健全地發展,以及貫徹三權分立的精神,除由聯邦國會立法,明文禁止任何戕害人類生命或複製人類的行為,並應於專利法中增訂達反法律的研究成果不得為專利保護客體,或明定實用性考量因素包括發明過程有無違反法律。 鑑於美國因生物科技的飛速發展所面臨的議題,我國亦應檢視相關規範為因應生物科技發展有無增修的必要性。我國專利法已明定違反公序良俗及衛生不得予以專利,本不須另行立法規範,惟,權衡生物科技的重要性及其弊端,本文以為應於專利法中制定專章或另定法律規範相關事宜,禁止任何危害人類研究方式、成果或執行方法。
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