一九三一年九月「國際聯明中國教育考察團」來華考察教育，並發表了《中國教育之改進》報告書(The Reorganization Education in China)深入探討近代中國教育，使得當時知識分子深受震撼，於是變造教育的呼聲瀰漫全國，遂有一九三二、一九三三年以及日後的系列教育改革活動。 本文主要探討考察團與近代中國教育制犡之間的關係，將由下列四個方面進行論述：(1)說明考團來華原由，和他們在中國動的狀況。(2)敘述察團對中國教育制度的建議，以及這些建議的根據。(3)分析《中教育之改進》與一九三二、一九三三年教育部改革中、小學教育兩者間的關係。(4)當時知識份子對《中國教育之改進》報告書的回應，以及考團對一九三○年代中國教育制度的實質影響。最後，將依據上述分析，論述考察團在中國近代教育史上的意義。

It is in September of the year 1931 that members of the League of Nations’ Commission for Survey of Chinese Education came to China for the purpose of making a thorough investigation into the Chinese education. After doing a profound research into modern Chinese education, they issued a report named The Reogranzation Education in China, which caused a great sensation among the contemporary intellectuals in China. The whole country was then caught in an uproar over the need for a drastic change in educational system. As a result, a series of educational reformations took place successively in 1932, 1933 and some following years. This paper is centered on the relationship of this Commission to modern Chinese educational system. It will included for aspects as follows: 1.An account of both why the commission came to china and what activities it involved in China. 2.An exposition of what criticism and suggestion the Commission directed at Chinese educational system and at the same time what those were based on. 3.An analysis of the relationship between The Reorganization Education in China and a radical reformation of education in Chinese high schools and primary schools in the years of 1932 and 1933. 4.An understanding of the different ways the contemporary intellectuals in China responded to The Reogranization Education in China and similarly how it influenced Chinese educational system. With analyses above, what significance this Commission achieves in the history of Modern Chinese Education will be discussed in the end.