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引文資料
題名:
Codeswitching in Campaigning Discourse: The Case of Taiwanese President Chen Shui-bian
書刊名:
語言暨語言學
作者:
魏美瑤
作者(外文):
Wei, Jennifer M. Y.
出版日期:
2003
卷期:
4:1
頁次:
頁139-165
主題關鍵詞:
符碼轉換
;
政治論述
;
溝通策略
;
語言使用
;
Codeswitching
;
Political discourse
;
Conversational strategy
;
Language use
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
5
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(
1
)
排除自我引用:
4
共同引用:0
點閱:28
近年來,臺灣許多政治人物在公開場合發表談話中常將國語、臺語交互使用,這種將不同語言互用的現象,在語言學上稱為「符碼轉換」(codeswitching)。過往的研究顯示,「符碼轉換」為一重要溝通策略(conversational strategy),多出現在所使用之主要語言缺乏適當表達之詞彙;為充分表達內容之透切性及加強重複表達語氣時候,具有發揮談話策略運用之功能。另一方面,若是夾用較弱勢語言談話,則可爭取弱勢族群認同或表達說話者親切度與幽默感等。然而過往之研究範圍僅限於一般會話、書面文件或報紙標語,對於目前臺灣政治人物交錯使用政治性談話雙語策略並無系統之研究。 本文主要採用質化研究方法及文獻分析,同時論證陳總統之轉換使用語,一方面可有效運作為講話策略工具,並展現經由語言轉換使得政治性談話具有溝通技巧,加深選民認同感及族群意識。另一方面也有可能產生加深族群間的藩籬、暗批對手或諷刺時政。
以文找文
In this paper, I extend the study of codeswitching to the ever important, though oft neglected area of political discourse. I cite instances of Taiwanese president Chen Shui-bian.s codeswitching between Mandarin and Taiwanese in the 2001 legislative and city magistrate election, and I argue that this codeswitching is adopted as a conversational strategy for both pragmatic and strategic purposes. I demonstrate that codeswitching in political discourse is an interpersonal strategy that can be used to create, strengthen, or destroy interpersonal boundaries. In addition, it can also be used as a symbolic practice for practical and political purposes. I adopt Rational Choice Models(RC) (e.g., Myers-Scotton 1993, Myers-Scotton and Agnes Bolonyai 2001) for analysis of codeswitching in political discourse; and I contend that,though most instances of codeswitching will reflect conventional expectations of language choice to a certain extent, speakers make rational individual choices. This is especially evident in political discourse, where a politician can rely on the ambiguities of the inference of a language choice to avoid alleged responsibility, redefine interpersonal boundaries, or take refuge in a different role. In short, a rational-based choice-model helps explain how a politician can use an array of language choices to maximize his personal/political gains and minimize personal/political risks. It is further suggested that the inference of a codeswitch is indeterminate and ambiguous (Heller 1988). The ambiguity and indeterminacy of a code choice are especially important in political discourse where conflicts and confrontations are common and where indirectness and involvement are necessary. Thus, studying codeswitching in political discourse will, on the one hand, enhance our understanding of codeswitching in general from a specific genre, and, on the other hand, will also add to our appreciation of political discourse from a more specific sociolinguistic perspective.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Obeng, S. G.(1997)。Language and politics: Indirectness in political discourse。Discourse & Society,8(1),49-83。
2.
Erbaugh, Mary S.(1995)。Southern Chinese dialects as a medium for reconciliation within Greater China。Language in Society,24,79-94。
3.
Chen, S.-C.(1996)。Code-switching as a verbal strategy among Chinese in a campus setting in Taiwan。World Englishes,15(3),267-280。
4.
Semino, Elena、Masci, Michela(1996)。Politics is football: Metaphor in the discourse of Silvio Berlusconi in Italy。Discourse and Society,7(2),243-269。
5.
Berg, M. E.(1986)。Language planning and language use in Taiwan: social identity, language accommodation, and language choice behavior。International Journal of the Sociology of Language,59,97-115。
6.
黃宣範(2000)。Language, identity and conflict: a Taiwan study。International Journal of Sociology of Language,143,139-149。
7.
Stroud, Christopher(1992)。The Problem of intention and meaning in codeswitching。Text,12(1),127-155。
8.
Myers-Scotton, Carol、Ury, William(1977)。Bilingual Strategies: The Social Functions of Code-switching。International Journal of the Sociology of Language,13,5-20。
9.
Greefeld, Karl Taro(2001)。Is Chen the One?。Time,157(20)。
10.
Myers-Scotton, Carol(1972)。The possibility of codeswitching: Motivation for maintaining multilingualism。Anthropological Linguistics,14,432-444。
11.
Myers-Scotton, Carol(1976)。Strategies of neutrality: Language choice in uncertain situations。Languages,52(4),919-941。
12.
Myers-Scotton, Carol、Bolonyai, Agnes(2001)。Calculating speakers: Codeswitching in a rational choice model。Language in Society,30,1-28。
13.
Tse, John K-P.(2000)。Language and a rising new identity in Taiwan。International Journal of Sociology of Language,143,151-164。
14.
魏美瑤(2001)。Politeness and Politics: A study of President Chen Shui-bian’s Rhetorical Strategies。國立政治大學學報,83,1-23。
15.
Buruma, I.(1997)。Taiwan's new nationalist。Foreign Affairs,75(4),77-91。
16.
Cheng, Allen T.(2000)。Chen: Pop Icon Piranha。Asiaweek,26(12)。
17.
Heller, Monica(1995)。Language choice, social institutions, and symbolic domination。Language in Society,24,373-405。
18.
Chilton, Paul、Ilyin, Mikhail(1993)。Metaphor in Political Discourse: the Case of the Common European House。Discourse and Society,4(1),7-31。
學位論文
1.
Chang, Shu-Chen(2000)。Code mixing of English and Taiwanese in Mandarin discourse(碩士論文)。National Taiwan Normal University,Taipei, Taiwan。
2.
張美玉(1996)。Language Use and Language Attitudes among Taiwanese Elementary School Students in Native Language Instruction Programs: A Study on Language Maintenance,Bloomington。
圖書
1.
Giles, Howard、Powesland, P. F.(1975)。Speech Style and Social Evaluation。Academic Press。
2.
Huang, Shuan-Fan(1993)。Language, Society and Ethnic Identity: A Sociolinguistic Study on Taiwan。Taipei:The Crane Publishing Co., Ltd.。
3.
Tannen, Deborah(1989)。Talking voices: repetition, dialogue, and imagery in conversational discourse。Cambridge University Press。
4.
Chen, Ping(1999)。Modern Chinese: History and Sociolinguistics。Cambridge University Press。
5.
Myers-Scotton, Carol(1993)。Social motivations for codeswitching: Evidence from Africa。New York:Oxford University Press。
6.
Brown, Penelope、Levinson, Stephen C.(1987)。Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage。Cambridge University Press。
7.
Figueroa, Esther(1988)。Evaluating Language Policy in Taiwan-Some Questions。The Structure of Taiwanese: A Modern Synthesis。Taipei。
8.
Heller, Monica(1988)。Strategic ambiguity: codeswitching in the management of conflict。Codeswitching: Anthropological and Sociolinguistic Perspectives。New York。
9.
Li, Wei(1998)。The 'Why' and 'How' Questions in The Analysis of Conversational Codeswitching。Code-switching in Conversation: Language, Interaction and Identity。New York。
10.
Myers-Scotton, Carol(1997)。Code-switching。The Handbook of Sociolinguistics。Oxford。
11.
Gal, Susan(1998)。The political economy of code choice。Codeswitching: Anthropological and Sociolinguistic Perspectives。New York。
12.
Giles, H.、Smith, P. M.(1979)。Accommodation theory: Optimal levels of convergence。Language and Psychology。Oxford。
13.
Gumperz, J. J.(1982)。Conversational codeswitching。Discourse Strategies。Cambridge。
14.
Lakoff, Robin(1979)。Women's language。Women’s Language and Style。Akron, Ohio。
15.
Wei, Jennifer M. Y.(2001)。Virtual Missiles: Allusions and Metaphors in Taiwanese Political Discourse。Virtual Missiles: Allusions and Metaphors in Taiwanese Political Discourse。Lanham。
16.
Blom, Jan-Petter、Gumperz, John(1972)。Social meaning in linguistic structure: code-switching in Norway。Directions in Sociolinguistics: The ethnography of Communication。New York。
其他
1.
Chen, Su-Chiao(1999)。New English policy and planning in Taiwan,Israel。
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