台灣地區毒品濫用之種類日新月異，且濫用年齡逐漸下降，而歷年來針對青少年推行的校園反毒宣導種類繁多，但缺乏相關之成效評估。本研究的目的在於了解高中職青少年學生對現行校園反毒宣導之參與概況及有效性程度，並進一步分析影響反毒宣導成效之可能因素，以期作為未來修訂校園反毒宣導之參考。本研究以隨機分層取樣方式取高雄市公私立高中職各6 所學校共12 所2,880 位學生為研究樣本，進行問卷調查，以「有益增加對毒品了解及使用後果的認識」、「增強拒毒決心」及「提昇拒絕邀約毒品使用之技巧」三項為反毒宣導成效之評估標準。結果共回收 2,732 份問卷（94.9%），分析後發現學生曾參加或接受「知能活動類」、「文宣類」及「運動娛樂類」校園反毒宣導之比例分別為63.5%、24.4%和12.1%；學生認為以「知能活動類」反毒宣導最有益「增加對毒品了解及使用後果的認識」、「增強拒毒決心」及「提昇拒絕邀約毒品使用之技巧」；學生評估整體的校園反毒宣導對「增強拒毒決心」之有效程度最高，而「提昇拒絕邀約毒品使用之技巧」的有效性則為最低。利用多元迴歸分析的結果發現：「學校連結程度」、「實際參與反毒宣導項目數目」、「目前對毒品的態度」、及「本身有無毒品使用經驗」為影響學生對校園反毒宣導成效評估之主要因子。本研究發現可作為未來修訂校園反毒宣導策略，使達致更具體成效之參考。

　　　　　Objectives: The age of drug abuse in Taiwan is decreasing in recent years, with also a change in the types of drug use. However, there is no assessment over the effectiveness of the campaigns that are targeted at adolescents against drugs. This study aims to assess the participation and effectiveness of the contemporary school-based anti-drug campaigns among high school students and further to determine factors influencing their effectiveness. Methods: A stratified random sample of 2,880 students from 6 normal high schools and 6 vocational schools respectively were selected for the study. They were made up of half public and half private schools. Assessments were done via self-rated questionnaires. Items included an evaluation of their participations and benefits they received from the contemporary anti-drug campaigns, such as the knowledge about consequence of drug use, the commitment to deny drugs and the skills of drug refusal. Results: Altogether, 2,732 (94.9%) subjects completed the assessment. Among the anti-drug campaigns, activities involving with intellectual events were most welcome (63.5%), followed by sports-concerts (24.4%) and media (12.1%). Students reported that they gained most knowledge about the consequence of drug use, the commitment to deny drugs and the refusal skills through participation of the intellectual rather than other activities. In general, they benefited most in the commitment to denying drugs, but least in the skill of drug refusal. Nevertheless, the degree of involvement with schools, accessibility of anti-drug campaigns, attitude towards drug, and self- experience with drug use were the four main significant factors that predicted the effectiveness of anti-drug campaigns, using multiple regression analyses. Conclusion: Schools, owing to the main social context, are generally regarded as an important vehicle for providing education against drug use in adolescents. The results of this study suggested that there is a need for modification of the contemporary methods and contents in the school-based campaigns against drugs.