伊藤仁齋的古義學意味著由《論語》中解讀儒家文本。由《論語》進行解讀，意思是要徹底革新朱子那種以性理學概念來解讀經義、重構儒家思想的做法，試圖回歸儒學原典的解讀方式。如此一來，《論語》便成為一個批判基準（criterion），可以對儒家經典由文獻性、思想性角度展開批判。那麼，仁齋如何重新發現《論語》、又如何解讀《論語》呢？ 徂徠學是基於與仁齋學相抗的立場形構而成的，本文透過仁齋學與徂徠學的比較，釐清仁齋學在文獻批判與思想批判兩種層面上的激進主義。

The study of Itô Jinsai's Kogigaku is meant to interpret Confucian texts from the reading of Analects. This way of interpretation is a revolution against the approaches of Chu Xi's Neo-Confucianism and a return to the Confucian canons. In this way, the Analects serves as a new criterion for criticism so that Confucian canons could be approached from textual and philosophical perspectives. This article discusses in what way Jinsai rediscovers the Analects and how he inteprets them. Soraigaku is opposed to Jinsaigaku. Through a comparison of Jinsaigaku and Soraigaku, this article will clarify the radicalism of Jinsaigaku in terms of its textual and philosophical perspectives.