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題名:美國高等教育優惠待遇何去何從--美國最高法院拒絕審理Hopwood v. Texas案之省思
書刊名:歐美研究
作者:王玉葉
作者(外文):Wang, Lydia Yu-yeh
出版日期:2004
卷期:34:3
頁次:頁457-509
主題關鍵詞:優惠待遇反向歧視多元化理論補償性理論百分比計劃Affirmative actionReverse discriminationDiversity rationaleRemedial rationalePercentage plans
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:7
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:41
本文旨在追蹤美國優惠待遇爭議之後續發展,探討美國最高法院拒絕審理Hopwood v. Texas (1996) 案之理由與影響。本文首先介紹美國最高法院第一件優惠待遇案件University of California v. Bakke (1978) 的法律見解。這是第一件有關高等教育之優惠待遇案件,也是二十五年間唯一一件最高法院接受審理之案件,其法理見解並沒有被推翻,至今持續有效。次而介紹Hopwood案之背景、案情與訴訟程序,比較此案與Bakke案法律見解衝突之處,並探究美國最高法院拒絕審理此案之原因與其對美國社會的衝擊。最後檢討美國高等教育領域內之優惠待遇有無繼續存在的價值,應終結之或以其他方案代替之。
This essay traces the follow-up of the affirmative action controversy in America. It reviews the recent case of Hopwood v. Texas (1996), exploring the reason why the United States Supreme Court denied certiorari and the impact of this judgment on American society. The paper first introduces the holding of the first affirmative case re-viewed by the Supreme Court, University of California v. Bakke (1978), also the first affirmative action case in the field of higher edu-cation, whose holding has not been yet overruled by later cases even after 25 years. The Hopwood case, its background, facts, lower courts' holdings, and appeals process are presented and compared to the holdings of Bakke, and the legal inconsistency and resulting contradictions between the two court levels are discussed. The denial of the U.S. Supreme Court to review Hopwood is significantly disadvantageous to the existence and growth of affirmative action programs in American universities nationwide. Lastly this paper assesses the value of affirmative action in the field of higher education. Should it be ended or amended, or substituted with some other race-neutral alternative pro-grams? This is worthy of future consideration.
期刊論文
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2.焦興鎧(19900600)。美國勞工法上就業歧視問題之最新發展。美國研究,20(2),51-116。  延伸查詢new window
3.Adams, M.(2001)。Causation and responsibility in tort and affirmative action。Texas Law Review,79(3),643-702。  new window
4.Adams, M.(2001)。Isn't it ironic? The central paradox at the heart of 'percentage plans'。Ohio St. Law Journal,62(6),1729-1780。  new window
5.Aldave, B. B.(1996)。Hopwood v. Texas : A victory for 'equality' that denied reality - an afterword。St. Mary's Law Journal,28(1),147-148。  new window
6.Brown-Nagin, T.(1998)。A Critique of Instrumental Rationality: Judicial Reasoning about the 'Cold Numbers' in Hopwood v. Texas。Law & Inequality Journal,16,359-427。  new window
7.Byrnes, E. E.(1999)。Unmasking white privilege to expose the fallacy of white innocence: Using a theory of moral correlativity to make the case for affirmative action programs in education。Arizona Law Review,41(2),535-572。  new window
8.Caminker, Evan H.(1994)。Precedent and prediction: The forward-looking aspects of inferior court decisionmaking。Texas Law Review,73(1),1-82。  new window
9.Cole, D.(2001)。As freedom advances: The paradox of severity in America criminal justice。University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law,3(1),455-473。  new window
10.Ginsburg, R. B.、Merritt, D. J.(1999)。Affirmative Action: An International Human Rights Dialogue。Rutgers Race & Law Review,1(2),193-229。  new window
11.Greve, M. S.(1996)。Hopwood and its consequences。Peace Law Review,17,1-26。  new window
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14.Kennedy, R.(1986)。Persuasion and distrust: A comment on the affirmative action debate。Harvard Law Review,99,1327-1376。  new window
15.Lauer, R. A.(1996)。Hopwood v. Texas: A victory for 'equality' that denied reality。St. Mary's Law Journal,28,109-145。  new window
16.Morganthau, T.、Carroll, G.(1996)。The backlash wars。Newsweek。  new window
17.Orentlicher, D.(1998)。Affirmative action and Texas' ten percent solution: Improving diversity and quality。Notre Dame Law Review,74(1),181-210。  new window
18.Perales, K. A.(1999)。It works fine in Europe, so why not here? Comparative law and constitutional federalism。Vanderbilt Law Review,23,885-908。  new window
19.Ponce, P. E.(1996)。Cheryl Hopwood: Affirmative action's reluctant new icon。Texas Law。  new window
20.Schmidt, P.(1998)。Legislatures show little enthusiasm for measures to end racial preferences。Chronicle of Higher Education。  new window
21.Schuwerk, R. P.(1972)。The Philadelphia Plan: A study in the dynamics of executive power。University of Chicago Law Review,39(4),723-760。  new window
22.Tinsley, A. M.(1996)。Impact of ruling widens。Inside Media。  new window
23.Wang, L.(1994)。The rule of law and the rule of politics: Eleanon Holmes Norton and the rise and decline of affirmative action。Tamkang Journal of American Studies,11(2),13-25。  new window
24.王玉葉(1995)。優惠待遇方案之爭議:美國最高法院判例與1991年民權法案。歐美研究,25(1),65-104。  延伸查詢new window
25.Weisburd, M.(2003)。American judges and international law。Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law,36,1475-1531。  new window
26.Wightman, L. F.(1997)。The threat to diversity in legal education: An empirical analysis of the consequence of abandoning race as a factor in law school admission decisions。New York University Law Review,72(1),1-53。  new window
圖書
1.Hughes, G.、McLaughlin, E.、Muncie, J.(2002)。Crime prevention and community safety: New directions。London, UK:Sage Publication。  new window
2.Macmillan Reference USA(2001)。Justices of the United States Supreme Court。Farmington Hills, MI:Macmillan Reference USA。  new window
3.Schumann, Howard、Steeh, Charlotte、Bobo, Lawrence、Krysan, Maria(1997)。Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations。Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press。  new window
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5.施文森、湯德宗(2001)。美國聯邦最高法院憲法判決選譯。台北:司法院。  延伸查詢new window
6.丘宏達(1991)。現代國際法基本文件。台北:三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
7.林子儀(1993)。言論自由與優惠性的差別待遇-Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. F.C.C.。美國聯邦最高法院論文集。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
8.A Stunning Blow(1996)。Chronicle of Higher Education。Chronicle of Higher Education。沒有紀錄。  new window
9.(1998)。Hopwood, Bakke, and beyond: Diversity on our nation's campuses。Hopwood, Bakke, and beyond: Diversity on our nation's campuses。Annapolis, MD。  new window
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11.British Institute of International and Comparative Law(1996)。The role and future of the European Court of Justice。The role and future of the European Court of Justice。United Kingdom。  new window
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13.Chavez, L.(1998)。The color bind: California's battle to end affirmative action。The color bind: California's battle to end affirmative action。Berkeley, CA。  new window
14.Dreyfuss, J.、Lawrence, C.(1979)。The Bakke case: The politics of inequality。The Bakke case: The politics of inequality。New York, NY。  new window
15.Eastland, T.(1996)。Ending Affirmative Action: The Case for Colorblind Justice。Ending Affirmative Action: The Case for Colorblind Justice。New York, NY。  new window
16.Gifis, S. H.(1996)。Law Dictionary。Hauppauge, NY:Barron's Educational Series。  new window
17.Hopwood, C.、Percy, K.、Liebert, T.、Widener, M.(2002)。Hopwood vs. Texas litigation documents: Trail in the federal district for the western district of Texas (1992-1994)。Hopwood vs. Texas litigation documents: Trail in the federal district for the western district of Texas (1992-1994)。Buffalo, NY。  new window
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22.Mikula, M. L.、Mabunda, L. M.、Marion, A. M.(1999)。Great American court cases, Vol. III: Equal protection and family law。Great American court cases, Vol. III: Equal protection and family law。Farmington Hills, MI。  new window
23.Provine, D. M.(1980)。Case selection in the United States Supreme Court。Case selection in the United States Supreme Court。Chicago, IL。  new window
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25.U. S. Department of State(1996)。Treaties in force。Treaties in force。Washington, DC。  new window
其他
1.Americans for a Fair Chance(2003)。The history of affirmative action policies,沒有紀錄。  new window
2.University of California(2001)。New California freshman ADMITS, Fall 1997 through 2001,沒有紀錄。  new window
圖書論文
1.王玉葉(1998)。美國最高法院處理優惠待遇(Affirmative Action)案件之新趨勢:Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña案例之評析。美國最高法院重要判決之研究:一九九三--一九九五。中央研究院歐美研究所。  延伸查詢new window
2.王玉葉(1997)。美國對聯合國人權公約之批准態度。聯合國與歐美國家論文集。臺北市:中央研究院歐美研究所。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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