1951年底由毛澤東所發動的「五反」運動，起因於同年稍早原本針對中共黨內幹部所進行的「三反」肅貪行動。既然中共黨的官員存在著貪污行爲，意味當時中國社會上仍未被鏟除的工商業資本家們，以行賄手段收買中共官員。這些賄賂、貪污的行爲，毛澤東稱之爲「糖衣砲彈」，被視爲是資產階級對中國共產黨的猖狂進攻。因此，毛澤東也採取了最嚴厲的階級鬥爭手段回敬，中國的資產階級於是遭到了1949年以來最嚴厲的迫害。1951年12月到1952年年中的五反運動，不僅讓中國的資產階級成爲名符其實的政治賤民，同時也直接促成了毛澤東結束「新民主主義」，提早向社會主義「過渡」的決心。本文的目的，在於描述中共如何藉由政治群眾動員，發動對中國城市資本家的門爭，一方面企圖呈現毛澤東的政治操作手法－他如何發號司令，動員地方幹部，而中共地方幹部又如何以群眾運動手段，執行毛的旨意：另方面也說明這個引導中共朝向完全的社會主義體制邁進的關鍵事件，其意識形態的正當性究竟是如何被塑造出來的。

Between late 1951 and mid-1952, Mao Zedong launched an anti-corruption campaign which was known as the "Three Anti-" in order to purge the officials of Chinese Communist Party who took bribes or committed embezzlement. The unavoidable result of "Three Anti-" was the persecution of the enterpreneurs and bourgeoisie in China, who finally were exterminated some years later-in 1956. This persecution against the Chinese bourgeoisie in the early 1950s which Mao called it the "Five Anti-" was held in a way of mobilizing the cities dwellers to bring pressure to bear on the victims. In fact, the "Five Anti-" was just a copy of the class struggle in the countryside of China in 1950s. This articles aims at revealing how Mao exerted political manipulation to push the local officials to bring out the "Three Anti-" and "Five Anti-", and what happened to the businessmen and enterpreneurs in the course of the campaigns.