This paper discuses the role of theory in quantitative research. It starts with clarifying the meaning of theory with special focus on the types of concepts and relationships. The second part of the paper deals with the role of theory in various types of social research, including descriptive research, explanatory research, and atheoretical study. Exploanatory research can be further divided into theory verification study and theory generation study. Theory plays a much important role in theory verification study because it provides important guidelines in the formulation of research questions, data collection, and statistical tests.