This article aims to research conversion processes for foreign place names (i.e., toponyms) from Romanization to Chinese and principles of conversion implementation. Firstly, we analyzed standardization of toponym translation in order to recognize the essential intention of international rules. Secondly, we reviewed conversion guidelines of overseas Chinese toponyms in Asia and proposed those for transcription. Thirdly, we explored geographical name databases (or gazetteers) to inquire about current information for geographical features and to acquire related names (or aliases). Finally, we synthesized all of the results from the gazetteers and background information related to the toponyms for trustworthy, expressive, and readable renditions in Romanization and Chinese.