臺灣與日本的博物館，在發展歷程和行政體制等方面都有許多相似之處，即使在光復後各自發展出多元化、多量化的博物館興盛時期，臺灣公立博物館的行政制度仍有師法日本博物館之處，例如：近年來，政府對國立博物館行政法人化之推動。 本研究係以國立博物館為研究主體。一直以來，臺灣與日本的博物館都是由中央政府提供營運經費的社會教育機構，但在進入新世紀後，日本的國立博物館已經轉型為「獨立行政法人」，而臺灣的國立博物館則仍處在轉型前的過渡階段。因此，就日本推行「獨立行政法人」國立博物館的營運狀態，在特展的推動上究竟對博物館造成什麼樣的影響？本研究試圖透過日本國立東京博物館的個案研究，深入瞭解其現階段的優勢、劣勢，並試圖找尋未來發展的可能性及機會點。希望對臺灣與日本兩國博物館界有些許參考的助益。

Museums in Taiwan and Japan share close ties in terms of developmental processes, institutions and social environment. Beginning as early as the period of Japanese colonization of Taiwan (1895-1945), the prototype of Taiwan,s museums has continued to expand and evolve into the diversity and wide-ranging breadth of today. For the past century, national museums in both Taiwan and Japan have received a diversity of resources from their respective central governments and have become important social education institutions. With a focus on national museums, this paper discusses the changes in museum ecology in Japan and Taiwan. The scheme of“independent administrative institution”has been implemented in Japan for several years and has often been discussed in Taiwan. This study attempts to explore the pros and cons of implementation of this scheme in the Tokyo National Museum, in the context of special exhibitions, as well as to look for opportunities for future development and to predict difficulties, to serve as a reference for museums in both countries.