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題名：四個角色的理論--西塞羅《論義務》I, 105-125
書刊名：國立臺灣大學哲學論評
作者：徐學庸 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hsu, Hsei-yung
出版日期：2011
卷期：42
頁次：頁79-106
主題關鍵詞：帕奈提烏斯；西塞羅；論義務；四個角色；合宜行為；Panaetius；Cicero；De Officiis；Four personae；Kathēkon
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摘 要 根據羅馬哲學家西塞羅《論義務》（De Officiis）的記載，西元前二世紀 的斯多葛學派的哲學家帕奈提烏斯（Panaetius），在論述合宜行為時提出四 個角色（personae）的理論（I, 105-125）。合宜行為的判定，根據帕奈提烏 斯的思想，必須依據一個人是否將其具有的四個角色扮演好，即理性，個人 特質，環境與運氣及選擇。這篇文章的論述主要有兩個目的：首先試探究帕 奈提烏斯的四個角色理論的內涵；其次是藉此理論的討論為當代一空洞的口 號「做自己」，提供一可能的內容充實。本文主要由三部分組成：第一部分 針對四個角色分別進行討論，並論及帕奈提烏斯的思想是受哪些哲學家或學 派的影響；第二部分主要處理的問題是：這四個角色如何能和諧運作？最 後，能使四個角色和諧運作者會有什麼樣的生活，會是第三部分關注的焦點。
Abstract According to Cicero’s De Officiis, the Stoic philosopher Panaetius discusses the notion of proper conduct in terms of the theory of four personae, i.e. rationality, personal characteristics, circumstance and chance, and choice. The purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, the content and connotation of the theory will be explored; secondly, by virtue of the discussion of the theory, the contemporary content-free slogan ‘Be Yourself’ could hopefully be provided with substance. This paper therefore consists mainly of three parts: The first part of this paper explores the four personae respectively, and discusses the problem: Whether Panaetius’s theory is his own creation or influenced by some other philosophers? The second part deals with the issue: How can the four personae harmoniously work together? The third part focuses on the problem: What kind of life will one have, when he can make his four personae harmoniously work together?
期刊論文
1.Long, A. A.(1967)。Carneades and the Stoic Telos。Phronesis，12，59-89。  new window
2.Gill, C.(1988)。Personhood and Personality: The Four-Personae Theory in Cicero, De Officiis I。Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy，6，169-199。  new window
3.Kahn, C. H.(1985)。Democritus and the Origins of Moral Psychology。The American Journal of Philology，106，1-31。  new window
4.Kidd, I. G.(1955)。The Relation of Stoic Intermediates to the Summum Bonum,with Reference to Change in the Stoa。The Classical Quarterly，5，181-194。  new window
5.Reesor, M. E.(1951)。The “Indifferents” in the Old and Middle Stoa。Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association，82，102-110。  new window
6.Brunt, P. A.(1973)。Aspects of the Social Thought of Dio Chrysostom and of the Stoics。Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society，19，9-34。  new window
7.De Lacy, Phillip H.(1977)。The Four Stoic Personae。Illinois Classical Studies，2，163-172。  new window
8.Gill, C.(1994)。Peace of Mind and Being Yourself: Panaetius to Plutarch。Aufstieg Und Niedergang Der Römischen Welt，36，4599-4640。  new window
圖書
1.Slings, S. R.(2003)。Platonis Rempublicam。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Aristotle、Bywater, Ingram(1894)。Aristotelis Ethica Nicomachea。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Powell, J. G. F.(2006)。M. Tulli Ciceronis De Re Publica, De Legibus, Cato Maior De Senectute, Laelius De Amicitia。Oxford。  new window
4.Reynolds, L. D.(1998)。M. Tulli Ciceronis De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum Liber Quinque。Oxford。  new window
5.Van Straaten, M.(1952)。Panaetii Rhodii Fragmenta。Leiden。  new window
6.Long, A. A.、Sedley, D. N.(2005)。The Hellenistic Philosophers 2 vols。Cambridge。  new window
7.Hicks, R. D.(1995)。Diogenes Laertius: Lives of Eminent Philosophers。Cambridge Mass.：Harvard University Press。  new window
8.Inwood, B.、Gerson, L. P.(1994)。The Epicurus Reader。Indianapolis：Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.。  new window
9.Rowe, C. J.(1998)。Plato: Symposium。Warminster。  new window
10.Sandbach, F. H.(1985)。Aristotle and the Stoics。The Cambridge Philological Society Suppl. 10。Cambridge。  new window
11.Shackleton Bailey, D. R.(1999)。Cicero: Letters to Atticus IV。Cambridge Mass.。  new window
12.Winterbottom, M.(1994)。Tulli Ciceronis De Officiis。Oxford。  new window
13.Annas, J.(1995)。The Morality of Happiness。Oxford。  new window
14.Bailey, C.(1922)。Lucreti De Rerum Natura。Oxford。  new window
15.Barrow, R. H.(1987)。The Romans。London。  new window
16.Basore, J. W.(2003)。Seneca: Moral Essays 3 vols。Cambridge Mass.。  new window
17.Brennan, T.(2007)。The Stoic Life Emotions, Duties, and Fate。Oxford。  new window
18.Diels, H.、Kranz, W.(1960)。Die Fragmente Der VorsoKratiker, vol. II。Berlin。  new window
19.Dudley, D. R.(1998)。A History of Cynicism: From Diogenes to the 6th Century AD。Bristol。  new window
20.Dyck, A. R.(1999)。A Commentary on Cicero, De Officiis。Ann Arbor。  new window
21.Gummere, R. M.(2002)。Seneca: Epistles 3 vols。Cambridge Mass.。  new window
22.Wood, N.(1991)。Cicero’s Social and Political Thought。Berkeley。  new window
23.Sedley, D.(2003)。The School, from Zeno to Arius Didymus。The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics。Cambridge。  new window
24.Engberg-Pedersen, T.(1990)。Stoic Philosophy and the Concept of the Person。The Person and the Human Mind。Oxford。  new window
25.Inwood, B.(2007)。Rules and Reasoning in Stoic Ethics。Topics in Stoic Philosophy。Oxford。  new window
 
 
 
 
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