Cinema is a body of memory. By its proper means, documentary and narrative, fiction and reality, it has soon embodied a way of cultural transmission: historical, aesthetic, technique, and artistic. This paper, through the close analysis of People on Sunday (Menschen am Sonntag), explores how this mute film of 1930 subtly mixes what appears to be fiction, and what one takes as documentary. It examines how it has retrospectively become a hint both to neo-realism and to French Nouvelle Vague to come. Between telling a story and reporting on Berlin, testimony and avant-garde, this film achieves the legacy of Soviet and French cinemas, and the lessons of the New Objectivity, proper to German photography. The paper thus follows step by step the unfolding of the film, and refers to Metz syntagmatic categories as "syntagme en accolade" to scrutinize its floating sequences and segments of a moving body, in order to understand both its documentary value and its escapes of fiction.