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題名：公民間關係與自由主義國家觀的當代構造
書刊名：哲學與文化
作者：譚安奎
作者(外文)：Tan, Ankui
出版日期：2012
卷期：39:8=459
頁次：頁75-93
主題關鍵詞：公民間關係；自由主義；社群主義；國家觀；慎議政治；Relationship among citizens；Liberalism；Communitarianism；Conception of state；Deliberative politics
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國家能否被理解為一種構成性社群，這是社群主義與自由主義之爭的真正焦點。在社群主義者看來，自由主義持有的是一種基於私人之聚合的工具論國家觀，而且其具有強烈私人意向的契約論方法也無從解釋個人與國家之間關係的本質。羅爾斯的政治自由主義基於對公民間的倫理─政治關係的理解，將自由平等的公民作為社會契約的主體，從而構造了一種自由主義的政治社群。這種社群是一種內在的善，但它所依據的原則是公民們運用公共理性進行公共推理的結果，從而並不在本體論上享有相對於個體的優先性。公共理性的運用過程，與當代慎議民主理論所主張的慎議政治在本質上是契合的，後者為政治自由主義提供了必需的獨立政治概念的基礎，而這種契合也表明，自由主義政治社群的構造要求自由主義克服自身與民主主義之間的張力。
Whether the state can be understood as a constituent community is the real focus in the dispute between communitarianism and liberalism. According to the communitarians, what liberalism has embraced is an instrumental conception of state based on the aggregation of private persons, and its contractarianist approach with strong private orientations is unable to grasp the nature of the relationship between individuals and the state. Proceeding from its understanding of the ethical-political relationship among citizens, Rawls's political liberalism takes the free and equal citizens as the parties of the social contract, hence constructs a liberal political community. This community is an inner good, but it does not enjoy an ontological priority over individuals, since the principles on which it relies are the outcome of the citizens' public reasoning in terms of public reason. The use of Public reason is congruent in nature with the deliberative politics proposed by the contemporary theories of deliberative democracy, and the latter offers a freestanding concept of the political necessary for political liberalism Meanwhile, this congruence suggests that liberalism has to overcome the tension between itself and democracy in order that a liberal political community can be constructed.
期刊論文
1.Rawls, John(1997)。The Idea of Public Reason Revisited。The University of Chicago Law Review，64(3)，765-803。  new window
2.Sandel, Michael J.(1984)。The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self。Political Theory，12(1)，81-96。  new window
3.Habermas, Jürgen(1995)。Reconciliation Through The Public Use of Reason: Remarks on John Rawls's Political Liberalism。The Journal of Philosophy，92(3)，109-131。  new window
4.Cohen, Joshua(1994)。A More Democratic Liberalism。Michigan Law Review，92(6)，1503-1546。  new window
5.Kymlicka, Will(1989)。Liberal Individualism and Liberal Neutrality。Ethics，99(4)，883-905。  new window
6.Galston, William A.(1989)。Pluralism and Social Unity。Ethics，99(4)，711-726。  new window
7.Alejandro, Robert.(1996)。What is Political about Rawls’ Political Liberalisin?。The Journal of Politics，58(1)。  new window
8.Giovanni, Sartori.(1973)。What is ‘Politics。Political Theory，1(1)。  new window
9.Laden, Anthony Simon.(2003)。The House That Jack Built: Thirty Years of Reading Rawls。Ethics，113。  new window
10.Postema, Gerald J.(1995)。Public Practical Reason: An Archeology。Social Philosophy and Policy。  new window
11.Schwarzenbach, Sibyl A.(1991)。Rawls, Hegel, and Communitarianism。Political Theory，19(4)，539-571。  new window
圖書
1.Appleby, Joyce Oldham(1992)。Liberalism and Republicanism in the Historical Imagination。Cambridge, Massachusetts：Harvard University Press。  new window
2.Habrmas, Jürgen、童世駿(2003)。在事實與規範之間：關於法律和民主法治國的商談理論。北京：三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
3.Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich、范揚、張企泰(1961)。法哲學原理。商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
4.Sartori, Giovanni、馮克利、閻克文(1998)。民主新論。北京：東方出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.Mouffe, Chantal(1993)。The Return of the Political。Verso。  new window
6.Nozick, Robert(1974)。Anarchy, State and Utopia。Blackwell。  new window
7.Gutmann, Amy、Thompson, Dennis F.(2004)。Why Deliberative Democracy?。Princeton University Press。  new window
8.Rawls, John(1996)。Political Liberalism。New York：Columbia University Press。  new window
9.Rawls, John、Freeman, Samuel(1999)。Collected Papers。Cambridge, Mass.：Harvard University Press。  new window
10.Sandel, Michael J.(1982)。Liberalism and the limits of justice。Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.Rawls, John(1999)。A Theory of Justice。Harvard University Press。  new window
12.Rawls, John、Herman, Barbara(2000)。Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy。Harvard University Press。  new window
13.Arendt, Hannah.(1968)。What is Freedom。Hher Between Past and Future。New York。  new window
14.Crittenden, Jack.(1992)。Beyond Individualism: Reconstructing the Liberal Self。New York。  new window
15.Gaus, Gerald F.(2003)。Contemporary Theories of Liberalism。London。  new window
16.Hobbes, Thomas.(1957)。Leviathan. Edited with an introduction by Michael Oakeshott。Oxford。  new window
17.Pettit, Philip.(1997)。Republicanism。New York。  new window
18.Sandel, Michael J.(2002)。Review of Political Liberalism。Liberalism: Critical Concepts in Political Theory \\ G. W. Smith (ed.)。New York。  new window
19.Taylor, Charles.(1985)。Atomism。His Philosophy and the Human Sciences: Philosophical Papers 2。Cambridge。  new window
20.Weithman, Paul J.(2000)。Citizenship and Public Reason。Natural Law and Public Reason \\ Robert P. George ; Christopher Wolfe (eds.)。Washington。  new window
21.貝爾、李琨(2002)。社群主義及其批評者。北京：生活•讀書•新知三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Hammer, T.(2003)。Introduction。Youth unemployment and social exclusion in Europe: A comparative study。UK：The policy press。  new window
2.Cohen, Joshua(1997)。Procedure and Substance in Deliberative Democracy。Deliberative Democracy。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
3.Skinner, Quentin(1984)。The Idea of Negative Liberty: Philosophical and Historical Perspectives。Philosophy in History: Essays on the Historiography of Philosophy。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Taylor, C.(1989)。Cross-Purposes: the Liberal-Communitarian Debate。Liberalism and the Moral Life。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
5.Habermas, J.(1996)。Three Normative Models of Democracy。Democracy and Difference。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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