探討知覺負荷量對於干擾圖臉處理的影響__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	探討知覺負荷量對於干擾圖臉處理的影響
書刊名：	中華心理學刊
作者：	蔡宜成／楊政達
作者(外文)：	Tsai, Yi-cheng／Yang, Cheng-ta
出版日期：	2012
卷期：	54:2
頁次：	頁253-263
主題關鍵詞：	人臉知覺；干擾物相容效果；注意力視窗；知覺負荷量；Attentional window；Compatibility effect；Face perception；Perceptual load
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:0 點閱:38

人臉是一種特別的視覺刺激，在視覺處理上會優先被處理，此論點已獲得許多研究證實，人臉作為一個干擾刺激時，會被自動地處理，影響目標作業的反應選擇。然而，Bindemann 、Burton 及Jenkins（2005）卻發現，當目標刺激為人臉時，干擾人臉不會被處理，且不會影響目標作業的判斷。基於以上結果的不一致性，本研究欲釐清：當參與者在搜尋目標人臉時，是否仍會受到旁側突顯干擾人臉的影響（由相容效果來反映），且如此的影響是否受到目標作業的知覺負荷量調節。參與者被要求在環形排列的刺激中，尋找目標人臉，判斷其情緒性（實驗一、二及四）或身份（實驗三），同時忽略旁側的突顯干擾圖臉。藉由操弄目標與干擾圖臉的反應相容性，來測試干擾圖臉是否有被處理。實驗結果發現，當非目標刺激為五個相同的圓盤（實驗一與二）與中性圖臉（實驗一與三）時，可以觀察到相容效果（亦即在目標與干擾刺激相同時，正確率較不相同時來的高，或反應時間較快）；而在非目標刺激為彼此相異的正立（實驗二、三或四）或倒立（實驗四）圖臉時，相容效果則消失。這些結果可以被知覺負荷量理論解釋，同時也可以利用注意力視窗假說來解釋，干擾人臉是否會被處理，影響目標作業的判斷，取決於當時目標作業的知覺負荷量。

以文找文

Faces are special as they can be processed with higher priority compared to the non-face objects. Even when faces are presented as distractors, they are automatically processed to influence response selection. However, an earlier study (Bindemann, Burton, & Jenkins, 2005) showed that a distracting face was not processed to influence response selection when a face categorization task was performed. To solve this contradiction, this study investigated whether a salient distracting face is processed when participants were required to search for a face among five non-targets and judge its emotionality (Experiments 1, 2, and 4) or identity (Experiment 3). Response compatibility between target and distractor faces was manipulated to examine whether the distractor is processed. Results showed that when non-targets were five identical yellow circles (Experiments 1 and 2) and neutral faces (Experiments 1 and 3), the compatibility effect was observed (higher accuracy or faster response time in the compatible condition than in the incompatible condition); in contrast, when the non-target faces were upright (Experiments 2, 3, and 4) and inverted heterogeneous faces (Experiment 4), the compatibility effect was eliminated. These results suggested that perceptual load can modulate the processing of a distracting face. In a low-load condition, the distracting face is processed, while in a high-load condition the distracting face is not processed to influence response selection. The results are consistent with the proposals from both perceptual load theory and the attentional window perspective.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Bindemann, M.、Burton, A. M.、Jenkins, R.(2005)。Capacity limits for face processing。Cognition，98，177-197。
2.	Hershler, O.、Hochstein, S.(2005)。At first sight: A high-level pop out effect for faces。Vision Research，45，1707-1724。
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8.	Diamond, Rhea、Carey, Susan(1986)。Why faces are and are not special: An effect of expertise。Journal of Experimental Psychology: General，115(2)，107-117。
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12.	Yang, C. T.、Shih, C. H.、Cheng, M.、Yeh, Y. Y.(2009)。Similarity modulates the face-capturing effect in change detection。Visual Cognition，17，484-499。
13.	Horstmann, G.、Bauland, A.(2006)。Search asymmetries with real faces: Testing the anger-superiority effect。Emotion，6(2)，193-207。
14.	Lavie, N.、Ro, T.、Russell, C.(2003)。The role of perceptual load in processing distractor faces。Psychological Science，14(5)，510-515。
15.	Stenberg, G.、Wiking, S.、Dahl, M.(1998)。Judging words at face value: Interference in a word processing task reveals automatic processing of affective facial expressions。Cognition & Emotion，12(6)，755-782。
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圖書
1.	Schneider, W.、Eschman, A.、Zuccolotto, A.(2002)。E-Prime User’s Guide。Pittsburgh, PA：Psychology Software Tools Inc。
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其他
1.	Boutet, I., & Chaudhuri, A.(2001)。Multistability of overlapped face stimuli is dependent upon orientation。
2.	Duncan, J., & Humphreys, G. W.(1989)。Visual search and stimulus similarity。
3.	Esteves, F., Dimberg, U., & Öhman, A.(1994)。Automatically elicited fear: Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial expressions。
4.	Farah, M. J.(1996)。Is face recognition 'special?' Evidence from neuropsychology。
5.	Farah, M. J., Tanaka, J. W., & Drain, H. M.(1995)。What causes the face inversion effect?。
6.	Gauthier, I., Skudlarski, P., Gore, J. C., & Anderson, A. W.(2000)。Expertise for cars and birds recruits brain areas involved in face recognition。
7.	Gauthier, I., Tarr, M. J., Anderson, A. W., Skudlarski, P., & Gore, J. C.(1999)。Activation of the middle fusiform 'face area' increases with expertise in recognizing novel objects。
8.	Grill-Spector, K., Knouf, N., & Kanwisher, N.(2004)。The fusiform face area subserves face perception, not generic within-category identification。
9.	Hakoda, Y.(2003)。Domain-specificity versus domain-generality in facial expressions and recognition。
10.	He, C., & Chen, A.(2010)。Interference from familiar natural distractors is not eliminated by high perceptual load。
11.	Jenkins, R., Lavie, N., & Driver, J.(2003)。Ignoring famous faces: Category-specific dilution of distractor interference。
12.	Jonides, J.(1981)。Voluntary versus automatic control over the mind's eye's movement。
13.	Juth, P., Lundqvist, D., Karlsson, A., & Öhman, A.(2005)。Looking for foes and friends: Perceptual and emotional factors when finding a face in the crowd。
14.	Kanwisher, N.(2000)。Domain specificity in face perception。
15.	Kanwisher, N., Tong, F., & Nakayama, K.(1998)。The effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face area。
16.	Kawabata, H.(2003)。Domain-specificity and generality in the brain。
17.	Lavie, N., & Tsal, Y.(1994)。Perceptual load as a major determinant of the locus of selection in visual attention。
18.	Liao, H. I., & Yeh, S. L.(2007)。Involuntary orienting caused by salient stimuli outside focal attention: Comparison of two paradigms。
19.	Murray, J. E.(2004)。The ups and downs of face perception: Evidence for holistic encoding of upright and inverted faces。
20.	Neumann, M. F., & Schweinberger, S. R.(2008)。N250r and N400 ERP correlates of immediate famous face repetition are independent of perceptual load。
21.	Palermo, R., & Rhodes, G.(2002)。The influence of divided attention on holistic face perception。
22.	Tanaka, J. W., & Farah, M. J.(1993)。Parts and wholes in face recognition。
23.	Theeuwes, J., Kramer, A. F., & Kingstone, A.(2004)。Attentional capture modulates perceptual sensitivity。
24.	Wojciulik, E., Kanwisher, N., & Driver, J.(1998)。Covert visual attention modulates face-specific activity in the human fusiform gyrus: fMRI study。
25.	Yantis, S., & Jonides, J.(1990)。Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: Voluntary versus automatic allocation。

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