This paper discusses “Religion and Ecology” as an object of study within the context of the Science of Religion. A classification of approaches that was proposed by Tucker and Grim reveals that the point of departure in ecology and religion studies is the ecological and environmental discourse, but not a scientific concept of religion. Religion is studied as an expression of aspects of ecology. The paper suggests shifting the focus of observation to religion: Explicit ecological and environmental religious communication, especially the ongoing process of appropriation of ecological semantics by religious groups and individuals, should be studied as religious phenomenon. Next, Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory is recommended as a possible approach to the study of eco-religious phenomena, because it precludes any kind of involvement in the ecological discourse while at the same time incorporating conceptual tools that are crucial for the study of ecological issues. A systems-theoretical approach studies ecological issues on two different levels of the religious system: the basic operative level of the system that causes its emergence and continuous existence, and the semantic level with its complex relationship to semantics of other systems in its environment, for example the ecological discourse of modern society. An important characteristic of this approach is its radical non-anthropocentric perspective that rules out any reference to the “human being” as a scientifically valid concept.