背景：全身性紅斑性狼瘡(systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE)是慢性全身性自體免疫系統疾病，病因不明，無法治癒，僅能配合醫師的治療計畫遵從服藥以控制病情。 目的：探討國內SLE病人的服藥遵從率及服藥遵從性的影響因素與重要因子。 方法：為橫斷式相關性研究，以結構性問卷收集資料，採方便取樣以中部某醫學中心免疫風濕科門診的SLE病人為對象，收案日期自2009年4月26日至6月6日止，總計350人。 結果：近三個月內服藥遵從率為81.1%，生病過程有42.9%的研究對象會忘記吃藥。藥物知識、服藥態度、藥物的療效及副作用、醫病關係、忘記吃藥、單身、家庭經濟、按時回診等與服藥遵從性有顯著相關，影響服藥遵從性的重要預測因子包括沒有忘記吃藥(odds ratio [OR] = 13.594)以及藥物作用(OR = 3.778)。 結論/實務應用：本研究結果可提供護理人員應用護理指導引導病人服藥遵從性的參考，以提升病人的生活品質。

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Although there is currently no cure for SLE, this disease may be controlled pharmacologically. Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore the medication adherence rate of SLE patients and factors influencing this rate in Taiwan. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlative study was adopted and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data within a three-month period. A convenience sample of SLE patients (n = 350) was recruited from the outpatient department of immunology and rheumatology of a medical center in central Taiwan from April 26th to June 6th, 2009. Results: The study showed 81.1% of the participants took their medication on schedule during the initial 3 months and 42.9% sometimes forgot to take their medication. Factors found to relate significantly to medication adherence were: knowledge of medication, attitudes toward taking medication, medication effectiveness and side effects, physician-patient relationship, forgetting medication, marital status, family economy, and regular clinic visits. The main predictors of adherence to medication were: the absence of forgetfulness in taking medication (odds ratio [OR] = 13.594) and medication effectiveness (OR = 3.778). Conclusion / Implications for Practice: The results of this study are a good reference to help nurses provide instructions that may help patients increase medication adherence and thus achieve a better quality of life.