災害治理最大的問題往往是災後重建時，政府要扮演怎樣的角色？過去台灣的社會福利作法大部分是現金救助，只能維持居民現在的生活，但無法讓他們自我療癒、自我復原，也意味了社會福利的功能有所侷限。世界銀行（World Bank, 2008）發表了以「資產為基礎的社會政策」（Asset-Based Social Policy），積極倡導的相關做法是將社會福利視為協助短暫安置與培養自立的資助，即不能一直仰賴保護（protection），要更進一步的做到促進與發展（promotion and development）。本文將引介包括災後如何重建社會秩序、災後復原重建中政府之社會福利角色、災害治理與風險分擔等相關文獻與美日兩國經驗及教訓，提供對相關議題有興趣者探討「災後重建的責任與風險」之治理與分擔的參考理路與框架，並系統分析政府在莫拉克風災災後重建的角色之內容分析與一般民眾、實際參與之政府機關及非營利組織的問卷調查結果，據以延伸構思我國災後復原重建的合理責任之治理與風險分擔之發展方向與可行建議。

This research reviewed relevant literature and conducted surveys with the general public, governmental personal, and nonprofit personal in order to understand their attitudes towards the government's role in providing social welfare benefits to disaster survivors, and their opinions about disaster risk sharing among various actors. This research found that a sustainable disaster recovery strategy must increase the resilience of individuals and communities so that they can adapt to future disasters. However, the central government cannot achieve this goal by itself. Rather, success requires the acknowledgment that disaster risks and responsibilities must be shared among individuals and communities. The role of the central government should be to provide the safety net that protects citizens from failure due to disruptive events and to promote the capacity of impacted individuals to become self-sustaining. Disaster recovery should be a collective action that is carried out by multiple actors, including the government at all jurisdictional levels, nonprofit organizations, private business, individuals and communities. The findings also indicate that, while it is widely accepted that the disaster recovery measures and services should not be carried out by the government agencies alone, there is a need to review current post-disaster recovery policies and to develop a bottom-up decision-making process that engages various actors and enables them to generate survivor-centric disaster recovery measures after disaster events.