| 期刊論文1. | Arinyato, A.、Hornsey, M.、Gallouis, C.(2007)。Group allegiances and perception of media bias: Taking into account both the perceiver and the source。Group Processes and Intergroup Relations,10(2),266-272。 | 2. | Gunther, A. C.、Liebhart, J. L.(2006)。Broad reach and biased source: Decomposing the hostile media effect。Journal of Communication,56(3),449-466。 | 3. | Matheson, K.、Dursun, S.(2001)。Social identity precursors to the hostile media phenomenon: Partisan perceptions of coverage of the Bosnian conflict。Group Processes and Intergroup Relations,4(2),116-125。 | 4. | Reid, S.(2012)。A self-categorization explanation for the hostile media effect。Journal of Communication,62(3),381-399。 | 5. | Schmitt, K. M.、Gunther, A. C.、Liebhart, J. L.(2004)。Why partisans see mass media as biased。Communication Research,31(6),623-641。 | 6. | Vallone, R.、Ross, L.、Lepper, M. R.(1985)。The hostile media phenomenon: Biased perception of media bias in coverage of the Beirut massacre。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,49(3),577-585。 | 7. | Entman, Robert M.(2007)。Framing Bias: Media in the Distribution of Power。Journal of Communication,57(1),163-173。 | 8. | Eagly, Alice H.、Wood, Wendy、Chaiken, Shelly(1978)。Causal Inferences About Communicators and Their Effect on Opinion Change。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,36(4),424-435。 | 9. | Huls, E.、Varwijk, J.(2011)。Political bias in TV interviews。Discourse & Society,22(1),48-65。 | 10. | 周樹華、閆岩(20121000)。敵意媒體理論:媒體偏見的主觀感知研究。傳播與社會學刊,22,187-211。 延伸查詢 | 11. | Allern, S.(2007)。From party press to independent observers? An analysis of election campaign coverage prior to the general elections of 1981 and 2005 in two Norwegian newspapers。Nordicom Review,29(2),63-79。 | 12. | Altschull, J.(1996)。A crisis of conscience: Is community journalism the answer?。Journal of Mass Media Ethics,11(3),166-172。 | 13. | Ariyanto, A.、Hornsey, M. J.、Morton, T. A.、Gallois, C.(2008)。Media bias during extreme intergroup conflict: the naming bias in reports of religious violence in Indonesia。Asian Journal of Communication,18(1),16-31。 | 14. | Arpan, L. M.、Peterson, E. M.(2008)。Influence of source liking and personality traits on perceptions of bias and future news source selection。Media Psychology,11(2),210-329。 | 15. | Babad, E.、Peer, E.(2010)。Media bias in interviewers' nonverbal behavior: Potential remedies, attitude similarity and meta-analysis。Journal of Nonverbal Behavior,34(1),57-78。 | 16. | Babad, E.(2005)。The psychological price of media bias。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,11(4),245-255。 | 17. | Bonyadi, A.(2011)。Linguistic nature of presupposition in American and Persian newspaper editorials。International Journal of Linguistics,3(1),1-16。 | 18. | Bonyadi, A.(2011)。Linguistic manifestations of modality in newspaper editorials。International Journal of Linguistics,3(1),1-14。 | 19. | Chen, L.(2005)。Transitivity in media texts: Negative verbal process sub-functions and narrator bias。International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching,43(1),33-51。 | 20. | Buckalew, J.(1969)。News elements and selection by television news editors。Journal of Broadcasting,14(1),47-54。 | 21. | Butler, D. M.、Schofield, E.(2010)。Were newspapers more interested in pro-Obama letters to the editor in 2008? Evidence from a field experiment。American Politics Research,38(2),356-371。 | 22. | Chia, S. C.、Yong, J.、Wong, D.、Koh, W. L.(2007)。Personal bias or government bias: Testing hostile media effect in a regulated press system。International Journal of Public Opinion Research,19(3),313-330。 | 23. | Coffey, P.(1975)。A quantitative measure of bias in reporting of political news。Journalism Quarterly,52(2),551-553。 | 24. | Cohen, J.(1990)。The centrist bias of the U.S. media。Utne Reader,September/October,113。 | 25. | Corry, J.(1996)。Fancy man fever。The American Spectator,29(1),54-55。 | 26. | Dautrich, K.、Dineen, J. N.(1996)。Media bias: What journalists and the public say about it。The Public Perspective,October/November,7-10。 | 27. | Deprez, A.、Raeymaeckers, K.(2010)。Bias in the news: The representation of Palestinians and Israelis in the coverage of the first and second Intifada。International Communication Gazette,72(1),91-109。 | 28. | Dickson, S. H.(1994)。Understanding media bias: The press and the U.S. invasion of Panama。Journalism Quarterly,71(4),809-819。 | 29. | Domke, D.、Fan, D.、Fibison, M.、Shah, D.、Smith, S.、Watts, M.(1997)。News media, candidates and issues, and public opinion in the 1996 presidential campaign。Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly,74(4),718-737。 | 30. | Eisinger, R. M.、Veenstra, L. R.、Koehn, J. P.(2007)。What media bias? Conservative and liberal labeling in major U.S. Newspapers。The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics,12(1),17-36。 | 31. | El-Nawawy, M.、Kelly, J.(2001)。Between the government and the press: The role of western correspondents and government public relations in Middle East coverage。The International Journal of Press/Politics,6(3),90-109。 | 32. | Entman, R. M.(1995)。Television, democratic theory and the visual construction of poverty。Research in Political Sociology,7,139-159。 | 33. | Fico, Frederick、William, Cote(1999)。Fairness and balance in the structural characteristics of newspaper stories on the 1996 presidential election。Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly,76(1),124-137。 | 34. | Fico, F.、Freedman, E.(2008)。Biasing influences on balance in election new coverage: An assessment of newspaper coverage of the 2006 U.S. Senate elections。Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly,85(3),499-514。 | 35. | Fowler, J. S.、Showalter, S. W.(1974)。Evening network news selection: A confirmation of news judgment。Journalism Quarterly,51,712-715。 | 36. | Figdor, C.(2010)。Objectivity in the news: Finding a way forward。Journal of Mass Media Ethics,25(1),19-33。 | 37. | Gentzkow, Matthew、Shapiro, Jesse M.(2006)。Media bias and reputation。Journal of Political Economy,114(2),280-316。 | 38. | Gilens, M.(1996)。Race and poverty in America: Public perceptions and the American news media。The Public Opinion Quarterly,60(4),515-541。 | 39. | Groseclose, T.、Milyo, J.(2005)。A measure of media bias。The Quarterly Journal of Economics,120(4),1191-1237。 | 40. | Lewin, K.(1943)。Forces behind food habits and methods of change。Bulletin of the National Research Council,108,35-65。 | 41. | Lee, T.(2005)。The liberal media myth revisited: An examination of factors influencing perceptions of media bias。Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media,49(1),43-64。 | 42. | Mann, L.(1974)。Counting the crowd: Effects of editorial policy on estimates。Journalism Quarterly,51(2),278-285。 | 43. | Mantler, Gorden、Whiteman, David(1995)。Attention to candidates and issues in newspaper coverage of 1992 presidential campaign。Newspaper Research Journal,16(3),14-28。 | 44. | Niven, D.(2001)。Bias in the news: Partisanship and negativity in media coverage of presidents George Bush and Bill Clinton。The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics,6(3),31-46。 | 45. | Niven, D.(2003)。Objective evidence on media bias: News paper coverage of congressional party switchers。Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly,80(2),311-326。 | 46. | Patterson, T. E.、Donsbach, W.(1996)。News decision: Journalists as partisan actors。Political Communication,13(4),455-468。 | 47. | Robinson, J. P.(1972)。Perceived media bias and the 1968 vote: Can the media affect behavior after all?。Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly,49(2),239-246。 | 48. | Robinson, M. J.(1983)。Just how liberal is the news?。Public Opinion,7,55-60。 | 49. | Rouner, D.、Slater, M. D.、Buddenbaum, J. M.(1999)。How perceptions of news bias in news sources relate to beliefs about media bias。Newspaper Research Journal,20(2),41-51。 | 50. | Smith, G. R.(2010)。Politicians and the news media: How elite attacks influences perceptions of media bias。The International Journal of Press/Politics,15(2),319-343。 | 51. | Stromback, J.、Shehata, A.(2007)。Structural biases in British and Swedish election news coverage。Journalism Studies,8(5),798-812。 | 52. | Stevenson, R. L.、Greene, M. T.(1980)。A reconsideration of bias in the news。Journalism Quarterly,57(1),115-121。 | 53. | Tan, Y.、Weaver, D. H.(2010)。Media bias, public opinion, and policy liberalism from 1956 to 2004: A second-level agenda-setting study。Mass Communication and Society,13(4),412-434。 | 54. | Williams, A.(1975)。Unbiased study of television news bias。Journal of Communication,25(4),190-199。 | 55. | White, D. M.(1950)。The "gate keeper": A case study in the selection of news。Journalism Quarterly,27(3),383-391。 | 56. | Xiang, Y.、Sarvary, M.(2007)。News consumption and media bias。Marketing Science,26(5),611-628。 | 57. | Wilson, J. K.(2008)。The myth of pro-Obama media bias。Extra,Sep-Oct,8-11。 | 58. | Zelizer, B.、Park, D.、Gudelunas, D.(2002)。How bias shapes the news: Challenging The New York Times' status as a newspaper of record on the Middle East。Journalism,3(3),283-307。 | 59. | D'Allessio, D.、Allen, M.(2000)。Media bias in presidential elections: A meta-analysis。Journal of Communication,50(4),133-156。 | 60. | Graber, D. A.(1990)。Seeing is remembering: How visuals contribute to learning from television news。Journal of Communication,40(3),134-155。 | 61. | Bennett, W. L.(1990)。Toward a theory of press-state relations in the United States。Journal of Communication,40(2),103-127。 | 62. | Schudson, M.(2001)。The objectivity norm in American journalism。Journalism,2(2),149-170。 | 63. | Donsbach, Wolfgang(2004)。Psychology of News Decisions: Factors behind Journalists' Professional Behavior。Journalism,5(2),131-157。 | 會議論文1. | Chia, S. C.、Cenite, M. A.(201006)。Judgment-heuristic or attitude-influenced? Explaining perceptions of news bias in a regulated press system。The annual meeting of the International Communication Association。Suntec City, Singapore:Suntec Singapore International Convention & Exhibition Centre。 | 2. | Quanbeck, A. D.、White, D.(200911)。Enjoying political news: The impact of political ideology, perception of media bias, and a preference for sources that agree with current beliefs。The annual meeting of The NCA 95th Annual Convention。Chicago, IL。 | 3. | Takens, J. H.、Ruigrok, N.、van Hoof, A. M.、Scholten, O.(200805)。Leaning to the right or leaning to the left? Dutch media and politics。The annual meeting of the International Communication Association。Montreal, Quebec, Canada。 | 圖書1. | Black, E. R.(1982)。Politics and the news: The political function of the mass media。Toronto:Butterworths。 | 2. | Goldberg, B.(2001)。Bias: A CBS insider exposes how the media distort the news。Washington, DC:Harper Collins Publishers。 | 3. | Altheide, David L.、Johnson, John M.(1980)。Bureaucratic Propaganda。Allyn & Bacon。 | 4. | Nimmo, D. D.(1964)。Newsgathering in Washington: A Study in Political Communication。New York:Atherton Press。 | 5. | Gans, Herbet J.(2003)。Democracy and the News。Oxford University Press。 | 6. | Lichter, S. R.、Rothman, S.、Lichter, L. S.(1986)。The media elite。Bethesda, MD:Adler and Adler。 | 7. | Adler, R.(1981)。Understanding television: Essays on television as a social and cultural force。New York:Praeger。 | 8. | Alterman, E.(2003)。What liberal media? The truth about bias and the news。New York:Basic Books。 | 9. | Bennett, W. L.(2006)。News: The politics of illusion。White Plain, NY:Longman。 | 10. | Covert, T. J. A.、Wasburn, P. C.(2009)。Media bias? A comparative study of Time, Newsweek, the National Review, and the Progressive coverage of domestic social issue, 1975-2000。Lanham, MD:Lexington Books。 | 11. | Comstock, G.、Scharrer, E.(1999)。Television: What's on, who is watching, and what it means。San Diego, CA:Academic Press。 | 12. | Davis, R.(2001)。The press and American politics: The new mediator。Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice Hall。 | 13. | Croteau, D.、Hoynes, W.(1994)。By invitation only: How the media limit political debate。Monroe, ME:Common Courage。 | 14. | Dautrich, K.、Hartley, T.(1999)。How the news media fail American voters: Causes, consequences, and remedies。New York:Columbia University Press。 | 15. | Gans, H. J.(1979)。Deciding what's news。New York:Random House。 | 16. | Graber, D. A.(2006)。Mass media & American politics。Washington, D.C.:CQ Press。 | 17. | Graber, D. A.(2007)。Media power in politics。Washington D.C.:Congressional Quarterly Press。 | 18. | Hofstetter, C. R.(1976)。Bias in the news: Network television coverage of the 1972 campaign。Columbus:Ohio State University Press。 | 19. | Kinder, D. R.、Iyengar, S.(1989)。News that matters: Television and American opinion。Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press。 | 20. | Lang, Gladys Engel、Lang, Kurt(1984)。Politics and television。Beverly Hills:Sage Publications。 | 21. | Lang, K.、Lang, G. E.(2002)。Television and politics。Edison, NJ:Transaction Publishers。 | 22. | Lieberman, T.(2000)。Slanting the story: The forces that shape then。New York:New Press。 | 23. | Limbaugh, R.(1993)。See, I told you so。New York:Pocket Books。 | 24. | Maddoux, M.(1990)。Free speech or propaganda? How the media distorts the truth。Nashville, TN:T. Nelson。 | 25. | Matusow, B.(1983)。The evening stars: The rise of the network news anchors。Boston:Houghton Mifflin。 | 26. | Mickiewicz, E.、Firestone, C.(1992)。Television and election。Maryland:The Carter Center of Emory University。 | 27. | Morgan, D.(1986)。The flacks of Washington: Government information and the public agenda。New York:Greenwood Press。 | 28. | Parenti, M.(1986)。Inventing reality。New York:St. Martin's Press。 | 29. | Parenti, M.(1996)。The dirty truths: Reflections on politics, media, ideology, conspiracy, ethnic life and class power。San Francisco:City Lights。 | 30. | Rusher, W. A.(1988)。The coming battle for the media。New York:William Morrow。 | 31. | Robinson, M. J.、Sheehan, M. A.(1983)。Over the wire and on TV。New York:Russell Sage Foundation。 | 32. | Kuypers, J. A.(2002)。Press bias and politics: How the media frame controversial issues。Greenwood Press。 | 33. | Boorstin, Daniel J.(1992)。The image: A guide to pseudo-events in America。New York:Vintage Books。 | 34. | Hall, Stuart、Critcher, Chas、Jefferson, Tony、Clarke, John N.、Roberts, Brian(1978)。Policing the crisis: Mugging, the state and law and order。Macmillan。 | 35. | Page, Benjamin、Shapiro, Robert(1992)。The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in American's Policy Preferences。Chicago:University of Chicago Press。 | 36. | Sigal, Leon V.(1973)。Reporters and Officials: The Organization and Politics of Newsmaking。D. C. Heath and Co。 | 37. | Altschull, J. H.(1995)。Agents of power: The media and public policy。New York:Longman。 | 38. | Shoemaker, Pamela J.、Reese, Stephen D.(1991)。Mediating the Message: Theories of Influence on Mass Media Content。New York, NY:Longman。 | 39. | Mindich, D. T. Z.(1998)。Just the facts: How "objectivity" came to define American journalism。New York:New York University Press。 | 40. | Bagdikian, Ben H.(2000)。The media monopoly。Boston:Beacon Press。 | 41. | Edelman, Murray(1988)。Constructing the Political Spectacle。Chicago, Illinois:University of Chicago Press。 | 42. | Zaller, John R.(1992)。The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion。Cambridge University Press。 | 43. | Entman, Robert M.(1989)。Democracy without citizens: Media and the decay of American politics。New York:Oxford University Press。 | 44. | Epstein, Edward Jay(1973)。News from Nowhere: Television and the News。New York, NY:Random House。 | 其他1. | Broadcasting Act(1991)。Canada Broadcasting Act,http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/B-9.01/, 2013/05/04。 | 2. | Debenport, E.(19920927)。Now about that media。 | 3. | Gallup Inc.(20001112)。Honesty and ethics in professions report, November 2000,http://www.gallup.com/poll/findings/indhnsty_ethcs2asp, 2012/11/12。 | 4. | Jacoby, J.(20021215)。U.S. media retain their liberal bias。 | 5. | Kurtz, H.(20041124)。Rather to step down at CBS。 | 6. | Krugman, P.(20030218)。Behind the great divide。 | 7. | Morales, L.(2012)。U.S. distrust in media hits new high,http://www.gallup.com/poll/157589/distrust-media-hits-new-high.aspx, 2012/11/29。 | 8. | Mullainathan, S.,Shleifer, A.(2004)。The market for news,http://post.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/mullainathan/papers/marketfornews_102304.pdf, 2012/11/29。 | 9. | Murray, M.(20080723)。NBC/WSJ Poll: Obama keeps lead over McCain,http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/25816799, 2013/05/04。 | 10. | Pew Research Center for the People and the Press(2000)。October 2000 poll,http://people-press.org/report/Oct2000/asp, 2012/11/29。 | 11. | Pew Research Center for the People and the Press(2008)。Most voters say news media wants Obama to win,http://people-press.org/report/463/media-wants-obama, 2012/11/29。 | 圖書論文1. | Eagly, A.、Chaiken, S.、Wood, W.(1981)。An attribution analysis of persuasion。New directions in attribution research。Hillsdale, NJ。 | 2. | Gulati, Girish J.、Just, Marion R.、Crigler, Ann N.(2004)。News coverage of political campaigns。Handbook of political communication research。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.。 | 3. | Novak, M.(1981)。Television shapes the soul。Understanding television, essays on television as a social and cultural force。New York:Praeger。 | 4. | Robinson, M. J.(1981)。The media in 1980: Was the message the message?。The American elections of 1980。Washington, DC:American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research。 | |
| |