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題名：辛亥革命敘事與新加坡國族建構：晚晴園中的展覽政治
書刊名：臺灣東南亞學刊
作者：張碧君 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chang, Pi-chun
出版日期：2014
卷期：10:1
頁次：頁3-31
主題關鍵詞：生存危機；展覽政治；晚晴園；意識型態；認同想像；Imaginary of survival；Cultural display；Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall；National ideology；Identity
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本文以新加坡的晚晴園（亦稱孫中山南洋紀念館）為例，分析新加坡的國族建構如何在辛亥革命的脈絡下被重新想像。晚晴園自2009年開始，隸屬於新加坡國家文物局之後，經過翻修、擴建，於2011年重新開放。自隸屬於新加坡國家文物局之後，晚晴園的展覽內容、分類系統即須肩負彰顯文物局成立目標之責任，即國家文物肩負國族建構、凝聚認同的責任。本文主要探討：一、辛亥革命、抗日救（中）國的新展覽內容如何在減少與南洋的連結之際，增加了與新加坡歷史更為相關的部分，亦即晚晴園的展覽如何再現國家意識型態？二、孫中山與當地革命先賢之歷史，如何與新加坡認同凝聚息息相關，其中的文化政治如何從泛華人民族主義轉化成新加坡國族認同？據此，本文分為三大部分：第一部分介紹晚晴園的歷史、過去展覽及其改變歷史定位的過程與官方論述；第二部分以文化展覽上所發展的「詩學」與「政治」理論為基礎，分析晚晴園於2011年重新開放的展出內容；第三部分則將展覽內容的文化政治與新加坡在殖民時期與二次大戰時期的歷史圖像做一對照，並藉此檢視新加坡作為一「國族」的想像，以及新加坡的生存危機想像。經過對照與分析，本文認為，晚晴園的展覽顯示新加坡政府試圖將國族想像的歷史系譜推至獨立建國之前，並試圖為重商意識型態展開歷史鋪陳。
Taking Singapore's ＂Wanqingyuan,＂ also termed ＂Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall＂ as an example, this paper firstly explores how the new display of the Revolution of 1911 and overseas Chinese anti-Japanese movement relate to Singapore's history? In other words, how the display serves Singapore's national ideology? Secondly, this paper explores how pan-Chinese nationalism has transformed into fortification of ＂Singaporean＂ identity? This paper is divided into three parts accordingly. The first part introduces Wanqingyuan's history, past display and the official discourses regarding its historical status. Secondly, this paper analyzes the new display based on Henrietta Lidchi's theory. This paper then compares the cultural politics of the display and Singapore's historiography during colonial and war period. Based on this comparison, the imaginary of Singapore as a ＂nation,＂ the imaginary of ＂Singaporean＂ identity and the imaginary of Singapore's survival will be examined. Finally, this paper argues that the new display not only extends but also re-affirms the priority and necessity of economic development of Singapore.
期刊論文
1.曾信傑(20101000)。政治對博物館的影響--以國家博物館為例。博物館學季刊，24(4)，95-113。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.元輝(2002)。晚晴園：一個民族的共同記憶。中華魂，8，55。  延伸查詢new window
3.林金枝(1994)。陳嘉庚傾資辦學的國際影響。廈門大學學報，4，9-18。  延伸查詢new window
4.林德時(2008)。陳嘉庚傾資辦學的特點及其啟示。集美大學學報，9(1)，36-40。  延伸查詢new window
5.金衝及(2001)。辛亥革命和中國近代民族主義。近代史研究，5，1-20。  延伸查詢new window
6.彭一萬(2011)。新加坡晚晴園與辛亥革命。炎黃縱橫，5，6-8。  延伸查詢new window
7.楊兆麟(2002)。在新加坡追思孫中山--晚晴園參觀見聞。遺聞錄，9，35-39。  延伸查詢new window
8.陳毅明(2004)。論陳嘉庚星學的歷史功績。集美大學學報，7(4)，7-14。  延伸查詢new window
9.Ang, Ien、Stratton, Jon(1995)。The Singaporean Way of Multiculturalism: Western Concepts/Asian Ways。Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia，10(1)，65-89。  new window
10.Lin, Chua Ai(2012)。Nation, Race, and Language: Discussing Transnational Identities in Colonial Singapore, Circa 1930。Modern Asian Studies，46(2)，283-302。  new window
11.Smith, Philip、Alexander, Jeffrey C.(1996)。Durkheim's Religious Revival。American Journal of Sociology，102(2)，585-592。  new window
12.Tan, Eugene(2003)。Re-engaging Chineseness: Political, Economic and Cultural Imperatives of Nation-Building in Singapore。The China Quarterly，175，751-774。  new window
13.王嵩山(20060400)。博物館蒐藏的詩意與政治。博物館學季刊，20(2)，5-6。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.Yen, Ching-Hwang(1982)。Overseas Chinese Nationalism in Singapore and Malaya 1877-1912。Modern Asian Studies，16(3)，397-425。  new window
圖書
1.Velayutham, Selvaraj(2007)。Responding to Globalization: Nation, Culture and Identity in Singapore。Institute of Southeast Asian Studies。  new window
2.(1991)。Shared Values, White Paper。Singapore：Singapore National Printers。  new window
3.Ban, Kah Choon、Pakir, Anne、Tong, Chee Kiong(1992)。Anne Pakir and Chee Kiong Tong Imagining Singapore。Singapore：Times Academic Press。  new window
4.Cheah, Boon Keng(1987)。Red Star over Malaya: Resistance and Social Conflict During and After the Japanese Occupation of Malaya, 1941-46。Singapore：National University of Singapore Press。  new window
5.Duncan, Carol(1995)。Civilizing Rituals: Inside the Public Art Museums。Routledge。  new window
6.Hong, Lysa、Huang, Jianli(2007)。The Scripting of a National History: Singapore and Its Pasts。Singapore：National University of Singapore Press。  new window
7.Short, John、Kim, Yeong-Hyun(1999)。Globalization and the City。New York：Prentice Hall。  new window
8.Vasil, Raj K.(1995)。Asianising Singapore: The PAP's Management of Ethnicity。Heinemann Asia。  new window
9.顏清湟(1992)。海外華人史研究。新加坡亞洲研究學會。  延伸查詢new window
10.Witcomb, Andrea(2003)。Re-imagining the Museum: Beyond the Mausoleum。Routledge。  new window
11.孫中山(1981)。孫中山全集。北京：中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
12.Clifford, James(1997)。Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
13.Luke, Timothy W.(2002)。Museum Politics: Power Plays at the Exhibition。University of Minnesota Press。  new window
14.Halbwacks, Maurice、Coses, Leuis A.(1992)。On Collective Memory。University of Chicago Press。  new window
其他
1.(19980316)。Interview: Lee Kuan Yew, Asian Values and the Crisis。  new window
2.晚晴園：孫中山南洋紀念館(2012)。百年回眸：新加坡與辛亥革命，http://www.wanqingyuan.org.sg/Exhibition-Programme-Past.html， 2012/09/03。  延伸查詢new window
3.Economic Development Board(2012)。Singapore Facts and Figures，http://www.sedb.com/edb/sg/en_uk/index/why_singapore/singapore_facts_and_figures.html， 2012/03/20。  new window
4.National Heritage Board(2012)。Mission & Vision，http://www.nhb.gov.sg/WWW/vision.html， 2012/03/20。  new window
圖書論文
1.Duncan, Carol(1991)。Art museums and the ritual of citizenship。Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display。Washington, D.C.。  new window
2.Siddique, Sharon(1989)。Singaporean identity。Management of success: The moulding of modern Singapore。Institute of Southeast Asian Studies。  new window
3.Willmott, Willaim E.(1989)。The Emergence of Nationalism。Management of Success: The Moulding of Modern Singapore。Singapore：Institute of Southeast Asian Studies。  new window
4.Wong, Diana(2001)。Memory Suppression and Memory Production: The Japanese Occupation of Singapore。Perilous Memories: The Asia-Pacific War(s)。Durham, North Carolina：Duke University Press。  new window
5.Ybarra-Frausto, Barbara(1988)。The Chicano Movement/The Movement of Chicano Art。Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display。Washington, DC：Smithsonian Institution。  new window
6.Blackburn, Kevin(2008)。Nation-Building, Identity and War Commemoration Spaces in Malaysia and Singapore。Southeast Asian Culture and Heritage in Globalizing World: Diverging Identities in a Dynamic Region。Burlington, VT：Ashgate。  new window
7.Chua, Beng Huat(1998)。Racial Singaporeans: Absence after the Hyphen。Southeast Asian Identities: Culture and the Politics of Representation in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand。Singapore：Institute of Southeast Asian Studies。  new window
8.Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara(1990)。Objects of Ethnography。Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display。Washington, DC：Smithsonian Institution。  new window
9.Lavine, Steven、Karp, Ivan(1990)。Introduction: Museums and Multiculturalism。Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display。Washington, DC：Smithsonian Institution。  new window
10.Lidchi, Henrietta(1997)。The Poetics and Politics of Exhibiting Other Cultures。Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices。London：Open University。  new window
11.McVey, Ruth(1984)。The Nation-State in Southeast Asia。Armed Separatism in Southeast Asia。Singapore：Institute of Southeast Asian Studies。  new window
12.Quay, Jon(1990)。Government Policies and Nation-Building。In Search of Singapore's National Values。Singapore：Times Academic Press。  new window
13.Spencer, Crew、Sims, James E.(1988)。Locating Authenticity: Fragments of a Dialogue。Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display。Washington, DC：Smithsonian Institution。  new window
14.Thomas, Nicholas(2001)。Indigenous Presences and National Narratives in Australasian Museums。Culture in Australia。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
15.Wang, Gungwu(2005)。Nation and Heritage。Nation-Building: Five Southeast Asian Histories。Singapore：Institute of Southeast Asian Studies。  new window
16.Rodan, Garry(1997)。Singapore: Economic Diversification and Social Divisions。The Political Economy of South-East Asia。Oxford University Press。  new window
17.Hobsbawm, Eric(1992)。Introduction: Inventing Traditions。The Invention of Tradition。Cambridge, UK：New York, NY：Cambridge University。  new window
 
 
 
 
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