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題名:
Gender and Empire Reconsidered: Menippean Satire in Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus
書刊名:
小說與戲劇
作者:
蕭碧莉
作者(外文):
Hsiao, Pi-li
出版日期:
2014
卷期:
23:2
頁次:
頁53-76
主題關鍵詞:
安潔拉.卡特
;
馬戲團之夜
;
曼氏諷刺
;
性別
;
帝國
;
Angela Carter
;
Nights at the Circus
;
Menippean satire
;
Gender
;
Empire
原始連結:
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相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:
1
點閱:14
本文嘗試以曼氏諷刺之角度,探討安潔拉.卡特在《馬戲團之夜》中對於性別與帝國的嘲弄。小說以1899年為背景,馬戲團中著名的空中飛人飛飛,以十九世紀末崛起的新女性為本,卡特藉由飛飛與她的世紀末前輩唱和,大力嘲諷十九世紀的婦女規範與常規公理。然而,卡特的主要目標是她當下身處的英國,亦即一九八零年代的英國。戰後的英國經歷帝國的頹敗,文化的失落,又受到跨國資本主義的威脅。飛飛的性別因怪誕與魅力的結合而神秘難測,卡特藉此探討女性如何建構而成。借助馬戲團跨越洲際旅程中誇張的劇情,卡特質疑性別二元論及帝國性別化。馬戲團裡充滿噪音、歡樂、與不可控制的活動,是個嘉年華式的自由場域及反抗場域,因此本文主張以巴赫汀的曼氏諷刺理論來詮釋這本小說。作為嘉年華式世界觀的產物,曼氏諷刺打破史詩般單一而權威的論述,頌揚對話性與眾聲喧嘩。本文藉由曼氏諷刺的特質,來探究卡特對性別與帝國的另類觀點,進而了解卡特如何質疑當代英國的文化與政治假設。由巴赫汀的角度觀之,馬戲團之旅一方面鬆動性別二元論,另一方面嘲弄雄性化的帝國力量。討論包含三小節:哲學觀的試煉、上下錯置的世界、性別諧擬與帝國諧擬。
以文找文
Employing a Menippean approach, this paper attempts to address Angela Carter’s satire of gender and empire in "Nights at the Circus" (1984). Set in 1899, "Nights at the Circus" depicts the emergence of the New Woman at the fin de siècle through the representation of Fevvers, a celebrated aerialiste performing in a traveling circus. Echoing her fin de siècle predecessors, Carter employs Fevvers to make fun of the nineteenth-century code of femininity and to ridicule the establishment of normalcy and legitimacy. However, the prime target of Carter’s radical critique is Britain in the 1980s. Post-war Britain saw the decline of an imperialist country, the loss of its cultural glory, and the threat of international capitalism. By mystifying Fevvers’s gender through the combination of grotesqueness and charm, Carter explores what constructs a woman. By depicting exaggerated scenarios during a cross-continental circus tour, she challenges both gender dichotomy and empire as a gendered undertaking. Since the circus is a place full of noise, entertainment, and unrestrained activity, a site of carnivalesque freedom and rebellion, I argue that "Nights at the Circus" can be interpreted in terms of Mikhail Bakhtin’s concepts of Menippean satire. As a product of the carnival sense of the world, Menippean satire disrupts the unitary, authoritative discourse of the epic in favor of dialogicality and heteroglossia. I explore Carter’s alternative view of gender and empire through Menippean features in order to discover how Carter questions the cultural and political assumptions of her contemporary Britain. Judging from Bakhtin’s perspective, the circus tour destabilizes the gender dichotomy on the one hand while mocking the masculinized imperial power on the other. My discussion consists of three sections: the test of philosophical ideas, the reversal and the upside down world, and the parody of gender and empire.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Dennis, Abigail(2008)。'The Spectacle of Her Gluttony': The Performance of Female Appetite and the Bakhtinian Grotesque in Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus。Journal of Modern Literature,31(4),116-130。
2.
Desblache, Lucile(2005)。Beauties and Beasts: Contrasting Visions of Animal Representation in Women's Contemporary Fiction。Comparative Critical Studies,2(3),381-395。
3.
Femihough, Anne(1997)。'Is She Fact or Is She Fiction?': Angela Carter and the Enigma of Woman。Textual Practice,11(1),89-107。
4.
Özyurt Kılıç, M.(2006)。A Mirror-Like Pool of Ink: The New Woman in Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus。Nineteenth- Century Gender Studies,2,1-12。
5.
Martin, Sara(1999)。The Power of Monstrous Women: Fay Weldon's The Life and Loves of a She-Devil (1983), Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus (1984) and Jeanette Winterson's Sexing the Cherry (1989)。Journal of Gender Studies,8(2),193-210。
6.
Oliver, Matthew(2010)。Iron(ic) Ladies: Thatcher, the Wanderer, and the Post-Imperial Grotesque in Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus。Contemporary Women's Writing,4(3),237-253。
7.
Toye, Margaret E.(2007)。Eating Their Way out of Patriarchy: Consuming the Female Panopticon in Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus。Women's Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal,36(7),477-506。
8.
Tsai, Chia-chin(20061200)。“The Woman Does Not Exist”: Femininity in Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus。中山人文學報,23,91-110。
9.
Boehm, Beth A.(1995)。Feminist Metafiction and Androcentric Reading Strategies: Angela Carter's Reconstructed Reader in Nights at the Circus。Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction,37(1),35-49。
10.
Michael, Magali Cornier(1994)。Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus: An Engaged Feminism via Subversive Postmodern Strategies。Contemporary Literature,35(3),492-521。
11.
Chiang, Hsiao-chen(20040700)。The Trope of an Upside-Down World: Carnival and Menippean Satire in Richard Brome's The Antipodes。Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies,30(2),55-72。
圖書
1.
Selden, Raman、Widdowson, Peter、Brooker, Peter(2005)。A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory。Pearson Education Limited。
2.
Carter, Angela(1993)。Nights at the Circus。New York:Penguin。
3.
Foucault, Michel、Sheridan, Alan(1982)。Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison。Middlesex:Penguin。
4.
Gamble, Sarah(1997)。Angela Carter: Writing from the Front Line。Edinburgh:Edinburgh UP。
5.
Peach, Linden(1998)。Angela Carter。London:Macmillan。
6.
Stoddart, Helen(2007)。Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus。London:Routledge。
7.
Wang, An-Chi(1995)。Gulliver's Travels and Ching-hua yuan Revisited: A Menippean Approach。New York:Peter Lang。
8.
Morson, Gary Saul、Emerson, Caryl(1990)。Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a Prosaics。Stanford University Press。
9.
Morris, Pam(1994)。The Bakhtin Reader: Selected Writings of Bakhtin, Medvedev, Voloshinov。London, UK:Edward Arnold。
10.
Bakhtin, Mikhail、Emerson, Caryl(1984)。Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics。University of Minnesota Press。
11.
Butler, Judith P.(1990)。Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity。Routledge。
12.
Bakhtin, Mikhail M.、Iswolsky, Hélène(1984)。Rabelais and His World。Bloomington:Indiana University Press。
圖書論文
1.
Bartky, Sandra Lee(1998)。Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power。The Politics of Women's Bodies: Sexuality, Appearance, and Behavior。New York:Oxford UP。
2.
Ledger, Sally(2007)。The New Woman and Feminist Fictions。The Cambridge Companion to the Fin de Siècle。Cambridge:Cambridge UP。
3.
Levine, Philippa(2007)。Introduction: Why Gender and Empire。Gender and Empire。Oxford:Oxford UP。
4.
Marshall, Gail(2007)。Introduction。The Cambridge Companion to the Fin de Siècle。Cambridge:Cambridge UP。
5.
Peterson, Shirley(1996)。Freaking Feminism: The Life and Loves of a She-Devil and Nights at the Circus as Narrative Freak Shows。Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body。New York:New York UP。
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