醫療民事責任法上，「醫療過失」向來扮演關鍵角色。此一現象，是否已成普遍真理，毫無檢討必要？有待思考。對醫療過失此一概念及其功能的反省，可以提供一些思考線索。本文從「歸責事由」、「責任原因事實」、「契約責任與侵權責任區別」三個角度，嘗試分析「醫療過失」概念，據以反省「醫療過失」在醫療責任法上的功能。本文強調重新定位「醫療過失」的必要性，以建立「多元歸責事由」、重視「客觀上違反醫療專業行為準則」、超越「契約責任與侵權責任嚴格區別」的醫療責任法。

Medical fault has always played a significant role in civil medical liability. However, does this phenomenon already become a universal truth? Based on the grounds of imputability, the causes of liability and the distinction between contractual and tortious liability, this article attempts to analyze the concept of medical fault and review its functions under civil liability perspectives. In conclusion, this article addresses the necessity to redefine medical fault and develops a civil medical liability law that features “multiple grounds of imputability”, “violation of medical professional code of conduct” and “elimination of differences between contractual and tortious liability”.