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引文資料
題名:
臺灣農家人力資本與時間配置之分析
書刊名:
農業經濟叢刊
作者:
許聖章
/
李恒綺
/
楊明德
作者(外文):
Sheu, Sheng-jang
/
Lee, Heng-chi
/
Yang, Ming-der
出版日期:
2016
卷期:
22:1
頁次:
頁43-98
主題關鍵詞:
人力資本
;
時間配置
;
農家勞動力老化
;
Human capital
;
Time allocation
;
Aging labor force of farm Household
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
2
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
1
共同引用:
5
點閱:10
台灣在過去二十年來正面臨農業工作人口萎縮及高度老化的問題,農業就業人數由 1978年的近 160萬人,縮減至 2012年的 54萬人,而 65歲以上的農業就業人數,則從 1993年的 6.6%增加至 2012年的 17.1%。然而農家戶數僅小幅下降,由 1990年的 86萬戶減少至 2011年的 78萬戶,同時期農家人口數則由 1990年的 429萬人下降至 2011年的 294萬人,雖然人數減少約三成,但仍有近 3百萬人,人口數下降幅度比農戶數大。本文嘗試利用 2010年農林漁牧普查資料,探討農家成員在農場內及農場外工作時間的配置情形,以了解農家從業人員青壯人口流失而導致老化的原因。本文藉由建構異質性人力資本的農家時間配置模型,並以 multinomial logit模型估計農家成員的時間配置選擇。我們的實證結果發現農家成員於農場內及農場外工作的時間配置呈現二元化的現象,亦即農家成員若教育程度較高者大多從事農場外工作,而教育程度較低者則從事農場內的工作。我們進一步以農業收入函數估計農業生產之教育報酬,並估計農家成員從事農場外工作之教育報酬,結果發現農場內工作的教育報酬遠低於農場外教育報酬。此可解釋隨著農家下一代教育程度的提升,使得農家新一代青壯人口選擇轉移至報酬較高的非農業部門工作,而老一代仍持續於農場工作,進而產生農家成員間時間配置近似二元分流的現象。另外,農場規模大小亦為影響農家成員時間配置的重要因素之一,藉由經營規模的擴張將可以增加農家成員於農場內的工作日數及降低其於農場外工作的機率。
以文找文
Taiwan has experienced a rapidly shrinking and aging agricultural workforce in past two decades. The workforce employed in agriculture has dropped from 160 thousand in 1978 to 54 thousand in 2012. And, the proportion of farm workers aged more than 65 has nearly tripled from 6.6% in 1993 to 17.1% in 2012. However, the number of farm households has only declined slightly from 860 thousand in 1990 to 780 thousand in 2011 and during the same period the number of farm household members has only declined from 4.3 million to 3 million. Thus, understanding the farm households' stock of human capital and their behavior of time allocation becomes the first step to overcome the crisis of a disappearing agricultural sector. In this paper, we use the 2010 Census of Agricultural, Forestry, Fishery, and Husbandry (AFHH) to analyze the time allocation decision of farm household members. We develop a simple farm household model with heterogeneous skilled labor inputs and apply a multinomial logit model to estimate the time allocation of farm household members. The empirical results show that there is a mechanism of self-selection according to the level of human capital within farm households. A dichotomous time allocation is observed, that is educated workers allocated most of their time on off-farm work, while less educated workers allocated their time on farm work. The wage differential between skilled and less skilled workers from off-farm work is much higher than the difference in marginal return from farm production. The relative high return of skilled workers from the off-farm work may be the major reason of the dichotomous time allocation between educated and less educated workers. In addition, the farm size is an important factor that affects the time allocation. An expansion in the cultivated land will increase the days of work on farm and reduce the probability of off-farm employment.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Barrett, C. B.、Sherlund, S. M.、Adesina, A. A.(2008)。Shadow Wages, Allocative Inefficiency, and Labor Supply in Smallholder Agriculture。Agricultural Economics,38(1),21-34。
2.
Ahituv, A.、Kimhi, A.(2002)。Off-farm Work and Capital Accumulation Decisions of Farmers over the Life-cycle: The Role of Heterogeneity and State Dependence。Journal of Development Economics,68(2),329-353。
3.
Abdulai, A.、Regmi, P. P.(2000)。Estimating Labor Supply of Farm Households under Nonseparability: Empirical Evidence from Nepal。Agricultural Economics,22(3),309-320。
4.
Benjamin, C.、Kimhi, A.(2006)。Farm Work, Off-farm Work, and Hired Farm Labour: Estimating a Discrete-choice Model of French Farm Couples' Labour Decisions。European Review of Agricultural Economics,33(2),149-171。
5.
Benjamin, D.(1992)。Household Composition, Labor Markets, and Labor Demand: Testing for Separation in Agricultural Household Models。Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society,60(2),287-322。
6.
Bowlus, A. J.、Sicular, T.(2003)。Moving toward Markets? Labor Allocation in Rural China。Journal of Development Economics,71(2),561-583。
7.
Brosig, S.、Glauben, T.、Herzfeld, T.、Rozelle, S.、Wang, X.(2007)。The Dynamics of Chinese Rural Households' Participation in Labor Markets。Agricultural Economics,37(23),167-178。
8.
Henning, C. H.、Henningsen, A.(2007)。Modeling Farm Households' Price Responses in the Presence of Transaction Costs and Heterogeneity in Labor Markets。American Journal of Agricultural Economics,89(3),665-681。
9.
Kimhi, A.、Lee, M. J.(1996)。Off-farm Work Decisions of Farm Couples: Estimating Structural Simultaneous Equations with Ordered Categorical Dependent Variables。American Journal of Agricultural Economics,78(3),687-698。
10.
Jolliffe, D.(2004)。The Impact of Education in Rural Ghana: Examining Household Labor Allocation and Returns On and Off the Farm。Journal of Development Economics,73(1),287-314。
11.
Jacoby, H. G.(1993)。Shadow Wages and Peasant Family Labour Supply: An Econometric Application to the Peruvian Sierra。The Review of Economic Studies,60(4),903-921。
12.
Huffman, W. E.、Lange, M. D.(1989)。Off-farm Work Decisions of Husbands and Wives: Joint Decision Making。The Review of Economics and Statistics,71(3),471-480。
13.
Huffman, W. E.(1980)。Farm and Off-farm Work Decisions: The Role of Human Capital。The Review of Economics and Statistics,62(1),14-23。
14.
Murphy, Kevin M.、Welch, Finis(1990)。Empirical Age-Earnings Profiles。Journal of Labor Economics,8(2),202-229。
15.
Pfeiffer, L.、López-Feldman, A.、Taylor, J. E.(2009)。Is Off-farm Income Reforming the Farm? Evidence from Mexico。Agricultural Economics,40(2),125-138。
16.
Skoufias, E.(1994)。Using Shadow Wages to Estimate Labor Supply of Agricultural Households。American Journal of Agricultural Economics,76(2),215-227。
17.
許聖章(20090300)。臺灣農家人力資本對農家所得之影響分析。臺灣經濟預測與政策,39(2),103-128。
延伸查詢
圖書
1.
行政院主計總處(2012)。99年農林漁牧業普查報告。臺北:行政院主計總處。
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