Air pollution is, without a doubt, detrimental to the human body. In recent years, the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and health has become a focus of research interest. Exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5, not only can increase the risk of all-cause mortality and the risk of cardiopulmonary diseases, research has also suggested that it is associated with hypertension, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, asthma, tuberculosis, type II diabetes, ovarian cancer, systemic autoimmune disease, and hospitalization. Currently, there is no solution to PM2.5 exposure that has already been inhaled into the body. The main preventive measure is to minimize its exposure in the first place. The aim of this review was to summarize recent research findings, both local and international, on the relationship between PM2.5 and health. Moreover, preventive measures against exposure to PM2.5 are suggested. It is hoped that the present review can serve as a basis for health care workers when they need to provide the public with information on PM2.5.