本研究目的為瞭解臺灣老年人社經地位、生活狀況、居住地區與體適能表現之關係。本研究設計採用橫斷面研究，資料來源係來自教育部體育署「國民體適能資料庫」。研究對象為2014年9月～2015年3月在臺灣招募25,154位65歲（含）以上健康老年人，進行一、問卷調查：基本資料、社經地位、生活狀況、自覺健康狀況、健康行為、居住地區。二、體適能檢測：心肺耐力、肌力及肌耐力、柔軟度、身體組成、平衡能力。結果顯示臺灣老年人教育程度越高，其各項體適能表現越佳；月收入越高，其心肺耐力、肌力與肌耐力表現較佳，婚姻狀況為已婚與未婚者其體適能表現較其他（離婚、分居、喪偶）佳；非獨居者體適能表現（下肢肌力與肌耐力、動態平衡）較獨居者佳，獨居者其身體組成（身體質量指數、腰臀圍比）較非獨居者低；居住於直轄市的老年人僅肌力與肌耐力表現較非直轄縣市差，其他體適能表現（心肺耐力、柔軟度、平衡能力、身體組成）皆優於非直轄縣市。本研究結論證實臺灣老年人社經地位、居住狀況及居住地區與體適能表現之間皆具有關聯性。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among socio-economic status, living conditions, residential area and physical fitness for older adults in Taiwan. This study adopted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Physical Fitness Database established by the Sports Administration, Ministry of Education. The subjects were 25,154 healthy adults in Taiwan aged 65 years or older who participated between September 2014 and March 2015. First, the survey questionnaire queried demographic data, socio-economic status, living conditions, self-perceived health status, health-related behaviors, and residential area. Second, the physical fitness test examined cardiovascular endurance, muscle strength and muscle endurance, flexibility, body composition, and balance. The results revealed that those participants with higher educational level generally performed better on their physical fitness tests. Participants with higher monthly income scored significantly higher on cardiovascular endurance, muscle strength, and muscle endurance. The physical fitness levels of different marital status such as married or single participants are better than those of divorced, separated, or widowed individuals. People with different residential condition such as not living alone with a significant other performed better on lower body muscle strength and balance; however, those living alone enjoyed lower scores on body mass index and waisthip ratio. Participants who live in the non-special municipalities had higher results on muscle strength and muscle endurance, while those in special municipalities scored higher on other measurements such as cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, balance, and body composition. This study confirms the relationships among socioeconomic status, living conditions, residential area and physic al fitness for older adults in Taiwan.