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引文資料
題名:
以自我調節理論分析中年就業者的有效求職自我調節策略
書刊名:
中華輔導與諮商學報
作者:
陳相如
/
陳鏡如
作者(外文):
Chen, Hsiang-ju
/
Chen, Grace Chingju
出版日期:
2019
卷期:
55
頁次:
頁123-160
主題關鍵詞:
中年就業者
;
自我調節理論
;
求職行為
;
Job search behavior
;
Mid-aged employees
;
Self-regulation
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
2
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
2
共同引用:0
點閱:7
科技發展快速使產業變遷加速,產業變遷導致某些工作消失,同時創造新型態的工作。就業環境更迭間,個人為求適才適任致使轉換工作的頻率增加。但就業市場存在的年齡門檻,是中年就業者求職時的潛在障礙,中年就業者需要有效的求職自我調節策略,以降低轉職時的門檻限制。本研究分析中年就業者的求職行為、探討轉職時可應用的有效策略,以半結構的訪談大綱為研究工具,一對一的深度訪談收集資料,採紮根理論研究方法,訪談8位研究參與者。研究共發現兩組求職歷程,依研究參與者的年齡區分為年長中年就業組與年輕中年就業組,後者的求職歷程中展現出較高的求職強度、求職努力度,促使有較佳的求職清晰度,使其求職行為較為主動,其求職歷程中表現出三種自我調節策略,包括:(1)環境探索,主要的求職行為有職缺查詢與公司概況查詢;(2)修正釐清,主要的求職行為有履歷或自傳修改、釐清求職目標、建立目標公司;(3)檢核反思,主要的求職行為有檢核履歷點閱率或面試邀約率、省思記錄面試表現,並歸因就業競爭力或就業表現等。這是一個動態歷程,反覆來回的求職行為產生循環,調節年齡增長帶來的進用門檻的策略。利用這三項自我調節策略可增加求職行為的主動性、調節年齡增長造成的進用門檻。本研究從求職者的角度出發,以期研究結果能提供中年就業者求職應用,縮短求職時間以降低因求職衍生的種種壓力。相關研究結果並提供人力資源或職涯諮詢的相關人士進行實務與後續研究工作的參考。
以文找文
All industries are going through dramatic change with the current rapid technological developments. Some job positions disappeared while newer positions are created to respond to the new changes of that specific industry. Employees are much more likely to seek new positions to fit with their own abilities in this rapid changing labor market instead of staying in the same positions. As a result, turnover rates also increase to respond to the ever-changing work settings. Meanwhile, the increasing aging population and decreasing birthrate also adds to the complexity of the career markets and the demands on the society as a whole. In this respect, the cost of social security benefits and medical care will increase significantly, while the supporters of the social security system will decrease noticeably. As a result, current midlife employees are responsible for supporting the nation's economy. In comparison to their parents' generation, the midlife population needs to work longer in order to compensate for the labor force shortages. In the meantime, there is an unspoken age limitation in the labor market in Taiwan which is one of the obstacles in the job search process for mid-aged employees. Mid-aged employees need effective job search strategies to compensate the age limitation. The purpose of this study was to explore mid-aged employees' effective job search strategies. Job search includes exploring potential job opportunities, preparing resumes, sending resumes, participating in interviews, evaluating job alternatives, and choosing a job from the alternatives. This dynamic process requires the job seekers to be adjustable in their job searching strategies (e.g. the quality of resumes and presentations in interviews) in order to optimize the job search outcomes (e.g. the second interview, or job offers), or to enhance employment outcomes (e.g. higher salary or better person-organization fit (Saks, 2005)). Therefore, this study defined the job search as a self-regulation process (Kanfer, Wanberg, & Kantrowitz, 2001). That is, the job seekers have to regulate between job search behaviors and feedbacks from the labor market. Guided by the Grounded Theory, this qualitative research study applied in-depth interviews to collect data from 8 participants. Participants are chosen through purposive sampling and snowball sampling processes. The research findings showed two models of job search process that corresponded to the participants' age. The participants were grouped in two age categories. One group was above 44 years old (senior group) while the other group was below 44 years old (junior group). The strategies that the junior group utilized to seek employment opportunities are much more active and intense, which resulted in more frequent responses from the employers and a better fit for both parties. These proactive job searching behaviors in the junior group includes three self-regulatory strategies: (1) exploring the environment, such as gathering information of job vacancy, companies, and the specific industries; (2) clarifying and revising, such as revising the curriculum vitae according to the reaction from the job market which would increase the job search intensity, job search clarity, job search self-efficacy and establishing a list of their goal-companies; and (3) reviewing and reflecting on the self and the environmental factors, such as setting up evaluation criteria to evaluate the personal performance in the job search process, attributes that cause failures to be selected as the finalist, and rectify their weaknesses. The junior group used these three strategies interchangeably to overcome the age barrier. This research study seeks to understand the effective job search strategies from the job seekers' successful experiences. The present study has considerable implications for both employees and employers. Through this research finding, we know that employment conditions are almost transparent on the internet and are easy to access by the job seekers. Human Resource divisions should treat the content of relevant information with caution. In addition, it is necessary for both midlife employees and employers to regularly updated the employment exceptions of the industry. Employers can retain the current employees in order to cut-down on new employee orientation and adjustment expenditures. These strategies would ensure employees to obtain the best employment conditions in the industry. Implications for career counselors, adult learning educators, and Human Resource divisions are discussed.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Boswell, W. R.、Zimmerman, R. D.、Swider, B. W.(2012)。Employee job search: Toward an understanding of search context and search objectives。Journal of Management,38(1),129-163。
2.
Blau, G.(1993)。Further Exploring the Relationship between Job Search and Voluntary Individual Turnover。Personnel Psychology,46(2),313-330。
3.
Saks, A. M.(2006)。Multiple Predictors and Criteria of Job Search Success。Journal of Vocational Behavior,68(3),400-415。
4.
Wanberg, C. R.、Glomb, T. M.、Song, Z.、Sorenson, S.(2005)。Job-Search Persistence During Unemployment: A 10-Wave Longitudinal Study。Journal of Applied Psychology,90(3),411-430。
5.
Wanberg, C. R.、Hough, L. M.、Song, Z. L.(2002)。Predictive Validity of a multidisciplinary model of reemployment success。Journal of Applied Psychology,87(6),1100-1120。
6.
Côté, S.、Saks, A. M.、Zikic, J.(2006)。Trait affect and job search outcomes。Journal of Vocational Behavior,68(2),233-252。
7.
Hoyea, G. V.、Saks, A. M.(2008)。Job search as goal-directed behavior: Objectives and methods。Journal of Vocational Behavior,73(3),358-367。
8.
Blau, G.(1994)。Testing a two-dimension measure of job search behavior。Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,59(2),288-312。
9.
Steffy, B. D.、Shaw, K. N.、Noe, A. W.(1989)。Antecedents and Consequences of Job Search Behaviors。Journal of Vocational Behavior,35(3),254-269。
10.
Power, D. J.、Aldag, R. J.(1985)。Soelberg's Job Search and Choice Model: A Clarification, Review, and Critique。Academy of Management Review,10(1),48-58。
11.
曲同光、崔道華、彭美琪、陳信婷(20151200)。我國長期照顧保險制度規劃概述。長庚科技學刊,23,1-14。
延伸查詢
12.
Hackman, J. Richard、Wageman, Ruth(1995)。Total Quality Management: Empirical, conceptual, and practical issues。Administrative Science Quarterly,40(2),309-342。
13.
Levinson, Daniel J.(1986)。A Conception of Adult Development。American Psychologist,41(1),3-13。
14.
Corbin, J. M.、Strauss, A. L.(1990)。Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria。Qualitative Sociology,13(1),3-21。
15.
Zimmerman, B. J.(2013)。From cognitive modeling to self-regulation: A social cognitive career path。Educational Psychologist,48(3),135-147。
16.
Liu, S.、Huang, J. L.、Wang, M.(2014)。Effectiveness of job search interventions: A meta-analytic review。Psychological Bulletin,140(4),1009-1041。
17.
Van Hooft, E. A.、Wanberg, C. R.、van Hoye, G.(2013)。Moving beyond job search quantity: Towards a conceptualization and self-regulatory framework of job search quality。Organizational Psychology Review,3(1),3-40。
18.
Boswell, W. R.、Boudreau, J. W.、Dunford, B. B.(2004)。The outcomes and correlates of job search objectives: Searching to leave or searching for leverage?。Journal of Applied Psychology,89(6),1083-1091。
19.
Liu, S.、Wang, M.、Liao, H.、Shi, J.(2014)。Self-regulation during job search: The opposing effects of employment self-efficacy and job search behavior self-efficacy。Journal of Applied Psychology,99(6),1159-1172。
20.
Van Hoye, Greet、Saks, Alan M.、Lievens, Filip、Weijtersc, Bert(2015)。Development and test of an integrative model of job search behaviour。European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,24(4),544-559。
21.
Zikic, J.、Saks, A. M.(2009)。Job search and social cognitive theory: The role of career-relevant activities。Journal of Vocational Behavior,74(1),117-127。
22.
Kanfer, Ruth、Wanberg, Connie R.、Kantrowitz, T. M.(2001)。Job Search and Employment: A Personality-Motivational Analysis and Meta-Analytic Review。Journal of Applied Psychology,86(5),837-855。
23.
Bandura, Albert(1991)。Social Cognitive Theory of Self-regulation。Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,50(2),248-287。
24.
Werbel, James D.(2000)。Relationships among career exploration, job search intensity, and job search effectiveness in graduating college students。Journal of Vocational Behavior,57(3),379-394。
25.
Song, Z.、Wanberg, C.、Niu, X.、Xie, Y.(2006)。Action-State Orientation and the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Study of Job Search in China。Journal of Vocational Behavior,68(3),490-503。
26.
Prensky, Marc(2001)。Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants。On the Horizon,9(5),1-6。
27.
Wanberg, C. R.、Zhu, J.、Van Hooft, E. A. J.(2010)。The Job Search Grind: Perceived Progress, Self-reactions, and Self-regulation of Search Effort。Academy of Management Journal,53(5),788-807。
研究報告
1.
內政部(2017)。【行政公告】107年第9週內政統計通報(國人近10年來擁有「研究所」學歷人口增加近1倍)。
延伸查詢
學位論文
1.
Soelberg, P.(1967)。A study of decision making: Job choice(博士論文)。Carnegie-Mellon University,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania。
圖書
1.
國家發展委員會(2016)。中華民國人口推估(105至150年)。國家發展委員會。
延伸查詢
2.
Bandura, Albert(1986)。Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory。Prentice-Hall, Inc.。
其他
1.
行政院主計總處(2018)。106年人力資源調查(A000040)。
延伸查詢
2.
勞動部(2017)。勞動力參與率--按教育程度、年齡及性別分,http://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/mon/ 22030.pdf。
延伸查詢
3.
楊宗斌(2017)。一成六重返職場!平均目標61歲退休,https://www.yes123.com.tw/admin/white_paper/index_detail.asp?id=20171027102426。
延伸查詢
4.
羅婉菱(2013)。職場拉警報九成上班族存危機感,https://www.yes123.com.tw/admin/white_paper/index_detail.asp?id=20130522111157。
延伸查詢
圖書論文
1.
Saks, A. M.(2005)。Job search Success: A review and integration of the predictors, behaviors, and outcomes。Career Development and Counseling: Putting Theory and Research to Work。Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley and Sons。
2.
Hansen, C. D.(2005)。Grounded theory research methods。Research in Organizations Foundations and Methods of Inquiry。San Francisco, CA:Berrett-Koehler Publishers。
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