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題名：馬來西亞與中國建交時的利益考量
書刊名：臺灣東南亞學刊
作者：孫天美
作者(外文)：Soon, Thean Bee
出版日期：2019
卷期：14:2
頁次：頁43-65
主題關鍵詞：馬來西亞；中國；多元啟發論；政權利益；國家利益；Malaysia；PRC；Poliheuristic theory；Regime interest；National interest
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馬來西亞於1957年從英殖民母國獨立以來都把中國視為仇寇，主要原因是中國的海外支部馬來亞共產黨在馬來亞／馬來西亞意圖顛覆固有國家體制。馬中後來於1974年建交時，馬共在馬來西亞的作亂未減，中國也未在建交公報上承諾將約束馬共，不過馬來西亞執政黨卻在建交後的三個月內舉行的全國選舉，取得對中國仍有祖國情結的馬來西亞華人選民廣泛支持，重奪上屆丟失的國會三分之二多數。表面上，馬中建交並未給馬來西亞帶來實質國家利益，卻因為執政黨投華人選民所好，成功鞏固在國家内的政權利益。本文採用多元啟發論分析馬來西亞首相等政治精英與中國建交上的決策過程，檢驗馬來西亞政黨有否為了滿足政權利益，犧牲國家利益。
Malaya/Malaysia took a hostile stance toward the PRC since the independence of Malaya in 1957. It was due to the Malayan Communist Party, a branch of the Chinese Communist Party, had attempted to topple the democratically elected government for decades. Even when Malaysia established official ties with the PRC in 1974, the armed rebellion of the Malayan Communist Party never subsided. On the other hand, the PRC as well did not agree with Malaysia to restrain the Malayan Communist Party in the joint communique. However, the ruling party of Malaysia won a landslide victory and regained the two-third majority in the parliament in the general election that hold less than 3 months after the normalization. The party successfully gained mass support from the Chinese community who perceived China as their motherland. Superficially, the formalization of the Malaysia-PRC official ties did not benefit Malaysia's national interest but the ruling party's regime interest. This article adopts the Poliheurtistic theory to analyze the decision-making process of the Malaysia ruling party in establishing official ties with the PRC and to examine if the party had sacrificed the national interest to fulfil its regime interest.
期刊論文
1.Morgenthau, Hans J.(1952)。Another 'Great Debate': The National Interest of the United States。The American Political Science Review，46(4)，961-988。  new window
2.Mintz, Alex(2004)。How Do Leaders Make Decisions? A Poliheuristic Perspective。Journal of Conflict Resolution，48(1)，3-13。  new window
3.Cheah, Boon Kheng(2009)。The Communist Insurgency in Malaysia, 1948-90: Contesting the Nation State and Social Change。New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies，11(1)，132-152。  new window
4.Oppermann, Kai(2014)。Delineating the Scope Conditions of the Poliheuristic Theory of Foreign Policy Decision Making: The Noncompensatory Principle and the Domestic Salience of Foreign Policy。Foreign Policy Analysis，10(1)，23-41。  new window
5.Simon, Herbert A.(1985)。Human Nature in Politics: The Dialogue of Psychology with Political Science。American Political Science Review，79(2)，293-304。  new window
圖書
1.Beard, Charles A.(1934)。The Idea of National Interest: An Analytical Study in American Foreign Policy。New York：Macmillan。  new window
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5.劉新生(2011)。新中國建交談判實錄。上海：上海辭書出版社。  延伸查詢new window
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其他
1.(19570831)。中國宣佈承認馬來亞聯合邦．毛澤東周思來分致賀電。  延伸查詢new window
2.(19570324)。馬來亞獨立大典不邀請共產國家參加．東姑昨函巫統分部席。  延伸查詢new window
3.(19670506)。東姑表示大馬可能先在南國設立大使館辦事處．待至適當時候然後派遺大使上任．馬來西亞與南斯拉夫雙方已同意．正式建立邦交．無須再舉行談判．將儘速互派大使。  延伸查詢new window
4.(19690512)。聯盟重掌政權．優勢大為削弱．東姑將改組內閣．丹州仍為泛回天下．檳州落入民政手中．雪州形成平分秋色．霹州聯盟未及半數．行動黨取得國會13席州議會31席。  延伸查詢new window
5.(19690515)。大馬元首緊急宣告．進入嚴重緊急狀態．政府有權將違犯戒嚴令者．將其驅逐出境或判處死刑。  延伸查詢new window
6.(19690518)。大馬副首相敦拉薩昨日正式宣佈成立國家行動理事會．負治理全國安全．法律與條例將由敦拉薩簽署始能生效．郭陳修信披露隆市各銀行明日將營業。  延伸查詢new window
7.(19700923)。敦拉薩首相發表政策聲明促進各民族親善創造一個單一的國家。  延伸查詢new window
8.(19710118)。首相聽柔州災情報告後．諭各縣長次助．災黎重建家園。  延伸查詢new window
9.(19710211)。中國紅十字會捐50萬人民幣救濟馬水災難民．為迄今最大宗外國捐贈賑災。  延伸查詢new window
10.(19710306)。中國紅十字會贈救濟品運抵巴生港口重百十入噸．值六十二萬五千元。  延伸查詢new window
11.(19730717)。馬中建交談判進行之際最好不要發表批評，敦拉薩表示欲與華建交係基於國家非政黨利益。  延伸查詢new window
12.(19740531)。馬中今日公佈正式建立邦交．拉薩首相謁見毛主席，並舉行九十分鐘會談。  延伸查詢new window
13.(19740604)。九個政黨組成．國民陣線獲准註冊。  延伸查詢new window
14.(19740521)。馬來西亞外交部星發表聲明．馬中兩國經同意．建立全面性邦交．敦拉薩訂廿八日赴北京訪問。  延伸查詢new window
15.Diplomacy and Trade(2018)。Hungary and the Countries of ASEAN，http://www.dteurope.com/diplomacy/interviews/hungary-and-the-countries-of-asean.html。  new window
16.The Ambassade of Romania in Malaysia(2010)。Bilateral Relations-Brief History Malaysia，http://kualalumpur.mae.ro/node/221。  new window
17.(20140119)。An Unofficial Trade Delegation，http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/01/19/an-unofficial-trade-delegation/。  new window
18.(19600424)。Story of the Emergency。  new window
19.(19641004)。A Double Protest Goes to the Cairo Conference。  new window
20.(19650519)。An Insult to Malaysia by Winneba Conference。  new window
21.(19660323)。Malaysian Defence is a Hot Topic。  new window
22.(19660113)。The Defence Battle。  new window
23.(19670119)。Pull out in middle 1970's。  new window
24.(19671024)。Full Ties with Soviet Union。  new window
25.(19680117)。All out by 1971。  new window
26.(19680128)。The Tengku: We are all for no-war pacts。  new window
27.(19680128)。The Ismail plan for peace。  new window
28.(19680820)。Malaysia ready to be friends with Peking if...。  new window
29.(19680822)。We'll be friends provided Reds don't break our heads。  new window
30.(19710510)。The First Step to China。  new window
31.(19710510)。China Favours Tun's Policy of Neutrality: Razaleigh。  new window
32.(19730630)。Malaysia set for China ties。  new window
33.(19730630)。Malaysia-North Korea Relations。  new window
34.(19731113)。Peking ties will be set up soon--Razak。  new window
35.(19731231)。China Refused Malaysia to Change its Policy。  new window
圖書論文
1.Mintz, Alex、Geva, Nehemia(1997)。The Poliheuristic Theory of Foreign Policy Decision Making。Decision Making on War and Peace: The Cognitive-Rational Debate。Lynne Rienner。  new window
 
 
 
 
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