本文先簡述傳統試題分析原則發展的原因，並說明幾種常見的傳統試題分析方法，然後指出古典測驗理論與這些試題分析原則在統計理論上並不互相銜接。接著，本文簡述激發試題反應理論萌起的部份原因，並說明試題反應理論與試題分析原則在目標上的相同之處，也分析兩者在統計方法、結果的解釋和應用廣度上的相異之處。最後，本文根據試題反應理論的立場，評析傳統試題分析方法的缺點，並指出改進的途徑。

The historical background and the development of educational measurement were briefly introduced in this paper. First, the methods of conventional item analysis and their weakness were also mentioned. Then, The factors promoting the development of item reponse theory and some controversies of item response theory were analyzed. This paper also pointed out that item response theory can meet all the needs of item analysis of educational measurement. At the conclusion of this paper, some basic concepts were presented in the hope of promoting the develop-ment of educational measurement in Taiwan.