"Administrative Division and Place Names" (ADPN), which had been paid much attention since a long time ago, is one of the important bases and indexes for National Administrative Management. For the time being, the ADPN what Mainland China adopt is very different from that we use since 1949. Owing to the frequent cross-strait interactions, ADPN has profound influence on the politics, economy, culture and military of both us and Mainland China. Therefore, the acknowledgment and understanding on ADPN, is not only important but also necessary. There are considerable relationships between "Administrative Division" and "Place Names". In this essay, we elaborate the meaning, characteristics and principles of Administrative Division, discuss the differences of Administrative Division System between us and Mainland China, then study the structure of ADPN According to this concept, by analyzing the discrepancies between our original Place Names (1911-1949) and current Mainland China Place Names (1949-1995), we induced that the types of change include five main categories and twenty-eight secondary categories. Under the primary consideration of both real circumstance and policy, there should be a suitable design for the expression of Map Place Names to deliver correct information. Meanwhile, we also should build Mainland China Place Names database that contains names ranking above counties to support the research, reference and application on mapping, learning and government administration.