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題名:袁世凱政府與商人(1914-1916)
書刊名:中央研究院近代史研究所集刊
作者:李達嘉 引用關係
作者(外文):Li, Ta-chia
出版日期:1997
卷期:27
頁次:頁93-135
主題關鍵詞:袁世凱政府商人
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:13
  • 點閱點閱:44
     1914-1916 年間袁政府與商人關係的發展,是中央集權政體從重建到崩解的過程在社會面的展現。商人從清末以來形成的政治力量,在袁實施中央集權制以後明顯地被削弱。甚至在經濟事務上,商人對政府政策的影響也相當有限,儘管商人欲透過公文程式和商會法的抗爭來保障地位,爭取政府對工商發展的重視,但顯然徒勞無功,商人既沒有能力改變政府的經濟政策,對袁為解決財政問題所進行的搜括也無力抗拒。袁運動帝制時,多數商人雖然不以為然,但並不敢進行反抗,一方面因為袁的專制統治,使他們的政治活動空間受到抑制,一方面因為多數商人對君主或民主並不十分在意,他們真正關心的是工商業的發展和生活的安定。護國戰爭爆發以後,商人因為戰爭對他們造成切身的危害,因此逐漸加入反袁的行列。商人這種亟求安定的心理,和辛亥革命時期他們反滿、二次革命時他們反國民黨是一樣的,不過因為他們的政治力量已經被削弱,在袁政權崩解的過程中,他們並不扮演重要的角色。
     The relationship between Yuan Shikai's government and merchants from 1914 to 1916 reflected the social effects caused by the reconstruction of a centralized political system and its subsequent disintegration. The political power wielded by merchants in the final years of the Qing was significantly reduced in the wake of Yuan's centralizing efforts. Even in economic matters, the merchants were able to contribute far less than before, despite their efforts to assert their views on the procedural regulation of official communications and commercial law and despite their attempts to seek the government's help in industrial and commercial developments. They had neither power to change the government's economic policies, nor the ability to resist Yuan's attempts to solve fiscal problems by imposing new taxes. When Yuan tried to become an emperor, the majority of merchants dared not to resist him openly for two reasons. First, Yuan's authoritarian rule reduced the room for civic activities to the minimum. Second, the majority of merchants worried more about economic development and political stability than the political form the government might take, whether a monarchy or a democracy. After the anti-monarchical movement developed its momentum, they gradually took the anti-lyuan side because they came to see Yuan as a destabilizing factor. Their fervent desire for political stability did not differ from earlier periods, but due to their weakened political influence, they did not play a significant role in the gradual disintegration of Yuan's power.
Other
1.梁啟超(1961)。盾鼻集,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
期刊論文
1.李達嘉(19940600)。從「革命」到「反革命」--上海商人的政治關懷和抉擇,1911-1914。中央研究院近代史研究所集刊,23(上),237-282。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.李達嘉(19930600)。上海商人的政治意識和政治參與(1905-1911)。中央研究院近代史研究所集刊,22(上),171-219。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.莫世祥(1986)。護國運動時期商人心理研究。歷史研究,1986(4),49-64。  延伸查詢new window
4.商會法施行細則。中華民國國民政府公報。  延伸查詢new window
5.張學繼(1991)。論袁世凱政府的工商業政策。中國經濟史研究,1991(1),41。  延伸查詢new window
6.虞和平(1992)。民國初年經濟法制建設述評。近代史研究,1992(4),39-56。  延伸查詢new window
7.(1915)。國事要聞。中華商會聯合會會報,2(10),4。  延伸查詢new window
8.(1970)。財政紀事。護國軍紀事,1,24-25。  延伸查詢new window
9.(1916)。論中國現時之捐稅。東方雜誌,13(3)。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.李宗一(1980)。袁世凱傳。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
2.李新、李宗一(1987)。中華民國史(二)。中華民國史(二)。北京。  延伸查詢new window
3.Ch'en, Jerome(1972)。Yuan Shih-k'ai。Stanford University Press。  new window
4.黃毅志(1962)。袁氏盜國記。袁氏盜國記。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.Young, Ernest P.(1977)。The Presidency of Yuan Shih-Kai。Michigan。  new window
6.徐有朋(1962)。袁大總統書牘彙編。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
7.姚崧齡(1982)。張公權先生年譜初稿。臺北:傳記文學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.天津市檔案館、天津社會科學院歷史研究所、天津市工商業聯合會(1989)。天津商會檔案匯編(1903-1911)。天津:天津人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
9.沈家五(1987)。張謇農商總長任期經濟資料選編。南京:南京大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
10.Bergère, Marie-Claire、Lloyd, Janet(1989)。The Golden Age of the Chinese Bourgeoisie, 1911-1937。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.Coble, Parks M. Jr.(1974)。The Shanghai Capitalists and the Nationalist Government, 1927-1937。Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press。  new window
12.賈士毅(1934)。民國財政史。商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
13.岑學呂(1962)。三水梁燕孫先生年譜。文星書店。  延伸查詢new window
14.白蕉(1913)。袁世凱與中華民國。袁世凱與中華民國。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
15.天津市檔案館、天津社會科學院歷史研究所、天津市工商聯合會(1992)。天津商會檔案匯編(1912-1928)(一)。天津商會檔案匯編(1912-1928)(一)。天津。  延伸查詢new window
16.蘇州市檔案館(1983)。中華全國商會聯合會第一次代表大會(下)。歷史檔案。北京。  延伸查詢new window
17.工商部(1913)。第一次臨時工商會議報告錄。第一次臨時工商會議報告錄。北京。  延伸查詢new window
18.虞和平。商會與中國早期現代化。商會與中國早期現代化。上海。  延伸查詢new window
19.天津市檔案館、天津社會科學院歷史研究所、天津市工商聯合會(1992)。天津商會檔案匯編(1912-1928)(4)。天津商會檔案匯編(1912-1928)(4)。天津。  延伸查詢new window
20.陶菊隱(1978)。北洋軍閥統治時期史話﹝第二冊﹞。北洋軍閥統治時期史話﹝第二冊﹞。北京。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.(1913)。北京總商會籲請速舉總統,上海。  延伸查詢new window
2.(1913)。選舉時代之總統思潮─津滬漢各商界之傳單,上海。  延伸查詢new window
3.(1913)。江西今日之總商會─致兩院電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
4.(1913)。全國商會對於選舉總統之意見書,上海。  延伸查詢new window
5.(1913)。旅津粵商痛詆國會議員,上海。  延伸查詢new window
6.(1914)。全國商人參與憲法之請願,上海。  延伸查詢new window
7.(1914)。消釋莫須有之嫌疑,上海。  延伸查詢new window
8.(1913)。命令。  延伸查詢new window
9.(1914)。公文。  延伸查詢new window
10.(1913)。總商會謝絕虛獎,上海。  延伸查詢new window
11.(1913)。鄂垣近事紀要─武漢商會請定保護政策,上海。  延伸查詢new window
12.商務官報。  延伸查詢new window
13.(1906)。商部札江蘇各商會文,上海。  延伸查詢new window
14.(1914)。農商部張總長致商會聯合會函,上海。  延伸查詢new window
15.(1914)。商會聯合會代表報告部批行文程式,上海。  延伸查詢new window
16.(1914)。關於商會公文程式之部批,上海。  延伸查詢new window
17.(1914)。全國商會聯合會記事(九),上海。  延伸查詢new window
18.(1914)。蔡寶善上農商部函,上海。  延伸查詢new window
19.(1915)。商會聯合會,上海。  延伸查詢new window
20.(1915)。索償報價之迫切,上海。  延伸查詢new window
21.(1912)。工商部之政策(下),上海。  延伸查詢new window
22.張怡祖(1965)。張季子九錄,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
23.(1914)。商人之法律觀念,上海。  延伸查詢new window
24.(1914)。農商總長最近之主張,上海。  延伸查詢new window
25.(1914)。張總長最近之農商政策,上海。  延伸查詢new window
26.(1914)。提倡國貨之通飭,上海。  延伸查詢new window
27.(1914)。農商部提倡國貨,上海。  延伸查詢new window
28.(1915)。振興茶業之公函,上海。  延伸查詢new window
29.(1914)。整頓糖業辦法,上海。  延伸查詢new window
30.(1915)。地方物品展覽會審查給獎,上海。  延伸查詢new window
31.(1915)。國貨展覽會開幕紀,上海。  延伸查詢new window
32.(1915)。京商會痛心國恥之急電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
33.(1915)。提倡國貨之根本法,上海。  延伸查詢new window
34.(1915)。中華國貨公司發展旨趣,上海。  延伸查詢new window
35.(1915)。紀廣東之印花稅,上海。  延伸查詢new window
36.(1915)。粵商民對於印花稅之呼籲,上海。  延伸查詢new window
37.(1915)。粵省儲金與印花近況,上海。  延伸查詢new window
38.(1915)。紀濟寧迫用印花之罷市風潮,上海。  延伸查詢new window
39.(1915)。廣東十元以下之印花免貼,上海。  延伸查詢new window
40.(1915)。皖煙酒商最近之波折,上海。  延伸查詢new window
41.(1915)。蘇州─菸酒公賣罷市情形,上海。  延伸查詢new window
42.(1915)。遼陽煙酒商罷市,上海。  延伸查詢new window
43.(1916)。所得稅緩期啟徵,上海。  延伸查詢new window
44.(1915)。川省商情譚─新改捐稅請緩實行,上海。  延伸查詢new window
45.(1915)。粵之政績與商情─總商會哀訴商情,上海。  延伸查詢new window
46.(1914)。廣東之群稅如毛,上海。  延伸查詢new window
47.(1914)。粵省雜捐之情形,上海。  延伸查詢new window
48.(1914)。籌辦內國公債之稹極進行─周總長之三辦法,上海。  延伸查詢new window
49.(1914)。辦理內國公債之樂觀─各省之答覆,上海。  延伸查詢new window
50.(1914)。江蘇省籌募公債票簡章,上海。  延伸查詢new window
51.(1914)。東三省之公債(一)─吉林財政廳之章程,上海。  延伸查詢new window
52.(1914)。紀湘省募債大會,上海。  延伸查詢new window
53.(1914)。江蘇之內債(三),上海。  延伸查詢new window
54.(1914)。再誌南市商家之國債熱,上海。  延伸查詢new window
55.(1914)。滬濱國債談,上海。  延伸查詢new window
56.(1914)。南市商界認購公債票之踴躍,上海。  延伸查詢new window
57.(1914)。杭垣籌備中之中立與公債─籌辦公債開會,上海。  延伸查詢new window
58.(1914)。景鎮之公債譚,上海。  延伸查詢new window
59.(1914)。嗚呼公債,上海。  延伸查詢new window
60.(1915)。安徽─勒派公債,上海。  延伸查詢new window
61.(1915)。江西─財政界近事,上海。  延伸查詢new window
62.(1914)。財政新談,上海。  延伸查詢new window
63.(1915)。北京社會中之籌安會觀─商學界之注意,上海。  延伸查詢new window
64.(1915)。鄂官商對於籌安會之態度,上海。  延伸查詢new window
65.(1915)。東方通信社電─濟南電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
66.(1915)。何必,上海。  延伸查詢new window
67.(1915)。謠諑聲中之籌安近訊─政事堂之禁謠,上海。  延伸查詢new window
68.(1915)。禁遏因籌安會發生之謠言,上海。  延伸查詢new window
69.(1915)。籌安會之進行談─各地方之電函,上海。  延伸查詢new window
70.(1915)。京塵中之籌安會近訊─京商會之請願熱,上海。  延伸查詢new window
71.(1915)。謠聲中之籌安近訊─各地方之函電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
72.(1915)。籌安會之京塵各面觀─吉豫晉之復電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
73.(1915)。川省各界對於籌安會之態度,上海。  延伸查詢new window
74.(1915)。東方通信社電─東京電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
75.(1915)。下關商埠商會來函,上海。  延伸查詢new window
76.(1915)。上海總商會來函,上海。  延伸查詢new window
77.(1915)。王景潤來函,上海。  延伸查詢new window
78.(1915)。籌安聲中之湖南觀─常德商會之反對,上海。  延伸查詢new window
79.(1915)。旅滬寧波同鄉會致上海總商會函,上海。  延伸查詢new window
80.(1915)。皖商會關於籌安會之往來函電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
81.(1916)。姚文枬等來函,上海。  延伸查詢new window
82.(1916)。阻止借款之三團體公函,上海。  延伸查詢new window
83.(1916)。阻止借款之汴民公函,上海。  延伸查詢new window
84.(1916)。滬商會請速解決國事之電稿,上海。  延伸查詢new window
85.(1916)。廣肇公所電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
86.(1916)。商幫協會請定國是,上海。  延伸查詢new window
87.(1916)。西南戰事之京中消息,上海。  延伸查詢new window
88.(1916)。危急聲中之湖南─省中士紳之哀呼,上海。  延伸查詢new window
89.(1916)。沮尼北軍之函電─旅滬浙人致杭州電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
90.(1916)。閩人阻止北兵入閩之函電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
91.(1916)。旅滬閩人阻兵入閩之同鄉大會,上海。  延伸查詢new window
92.(1915)。黃毅來電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
93.(1916)。貴陽國民代表及紳商學界電,上海。  延伸查詢new window
94.(1916)。滇事緊急中之鄂聞─救國金提作軍費,上海。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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