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題名:解析西方環境運動及其與科學和宗教的關連
書刊名:思與言
作者:林益仁
作者(外文):Lin, Oliver Y. R.
出版日期:1997
卷期:35:2
頁次:頁313-347
主題關鍵詞:西方環境運動環境主義生態學宗教科學
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
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     本文的目的在於探究西方環境運動的特質,特別是其中科學與宗教間的關連。主 要包括兩個部份:第一部份是探討西方環境運動中的生態知識與宗教信息混合的複雜性。我 先以 McCormick(1989) 對全球環境運動發展的歷史性觀點, 來勾勒出西方環境運動的面貌 。其次,是經由幾位環境主義研究者的成果,呈現不同流派的環境主義對環境問題的界定以 及它們之間的內在分歧性。有趣的是,這些環境的主張背後都受到不同意識型態的影響,部 份的環境主張彼此甚至有嚴重的歧見存在。接著,我分析了西方環境運動其中的一個重要特 質,即是深受生態知識的影響。就此,我指出生態學本身即具有相當含混而且豐富的意涵, 它並不完全是由古典的科學觀所主導,而且時常可見濃厚宗教色彩的隱喻出現在生態學的論 述之中。本文的第二部份是處理宗教議題如何出現在環境運動中以及宗教與科學兩者之間的 關連性。首先,我回顧了環境宗教論述在西方社會的歷史性發展。基本上,是從科學歷史學 家 Lynn White (1967) 的一篇「我們的生態危機的歷史性根源」開始, 接著我區別了三種 西方關心環境人士對宗教的態度。這些包括:完全負面的態度;改善或是從新詮釋西方主流 宗教 - 基督教的自然觀;以及轉向東方與原始宗教的傾向等三種態度。 在歷史回顧之後, 我探討了這些宗教環境論述裡科學與宗教互動的關係,主要是由於環境運動受到科學的影響 相當深。 根據 Hefner (1996) 的理論架構,我發現這些論述也有近似光譜般多元的呈現, 顯示出宗教與科學的關係不盡然是必然衝突的兩方!事實上,兩者的關係是相當複雜的。這 種多元複雜的關係不但強化了宗教與環境運動的關連性,而且相當值得做進一步的探討與研 究。
期刊論文
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7.Sears, P. B.(1964)。Ecology--A Subversive Subject。Bioscience,14,11-13。  new window
8.Shaiko, R. G.(1987)。Religion, Politics, and Environmental Concern。Social Science Quarterly,68,265-281。  new window
9.White, Lynn Jr.(1967)。The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis。Science,155(3767),1203-1207。  new window
會議論文
1.Kanagy, C. L.、Willits, F. K.(1991)。Religion and environment: Evidence from a sample of Pennsylvania residents。Sosiology for the Scientific Study of Religion Annual Meeting。Pittsburgh, PA。  new window
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20.McCormick, J.(1989)。The Global Ernironmental Movement。London:Belhavcn Press。  new window
21.McDaniel, Jay B.(1990)。Earth, Sky, Gods and Mortals: Developing an Ecological Spirituality。Twenty-Third Publications。  new window
22.Merchant, C.(1992)。Radical Ecology。New York:Routledge。  new window
23.O'Riordan, T.(1981)。Environmentalism。London:Pion。  new window
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25.Nash, R. F.(1989)。The Rights of Nature--A History of Environmental Ethics。Madison:The University of Wisconsin Press。  new window
26.Oelschlager, Max(1994)。Caring for Creation。New Haven:London:Yale University Press。  new window
27.Pepper, D.(1984)。The Roots of Environmentalism。London:New York:Routledge。  new window
28.Pepper, D.(1996)。Modern Environmentalism: An introduction。London:Routledge。  new window
29.Peters, R. H.(1991)。A Critique for Ecology。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
30.Russell, C. A.(1994)。The Earth, Humanity and God。London:University College London Press。  new window
31.Young, J.(1990)。Post Environmentalism。London:Belhaven Press。  new window
32.Schwarz, M.、Thompson, M.(1990)。Divided We Stand: Redefining Politics, Technology and Social Choice。London:Harvester Wheatsheaf。  new window
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39.Kuhn, Thomas Samuel(1970)。The Structure of Scientific Revolutions。University of Chicago Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Buttel, F.、Taylor, P.(1994)。Environmental Sociology and Global Environmental Change: A Critical Assessment。Social Theory and the Global Environment。London:Routledge。  new window
2.Palmer, M.(1992)。The Encounter of Religion and Conservation。Ethics of Environment and Development: Global Challenge and International Response。London:Belhaven Press。  new window
3.Snyder, G.(1985)。Buddhism and the Possibilities of a Planetary Culture。Deep Ecology。Sail Lake City:Peregrine Smith Books。  new window
 
 
 
 
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