長期以來,政府主導下的土地資源配置模式為中國的城鎮化、工業化快速發展提供了強有力的支撐,但同時也伴隨著土地制度和政策不完善引致的土地資源配置扭曲,不同用地單位之間土地資源配置效率差異較大,不同用地單位之間的土地資源錯配致使總體經濟效率損失巨大。調研組通過實地隨機抽樣問卷調查,獲取了四大產業不同類型的607個樣本企業生產經營活動相關的投入產出數據,基于C-D生產函數理論,構建土地資源配置及經濟效率損失測度模型,測算不同類型企業的土地資源要素錯配程度及由此導致的經濟效率損失。測算結果顯示,環保、生物和高端裝備制造產業的土地資源要素投入的相對扭曲系數都大于1,光電子信息產業系數小于1;土地資源錯配造成光電子信息產業總體上經濟效率損失達10.23%,高端裝備制造產業達13.82%,生物產業和環保節能產業都超過了20%。研究表明,不同類型企業之間的土地資源要素投入對企業總體經濟產出的貢獻率存在顯著差異性;同類型企業的土地資源要素配置的相對扭曲系數不同,即土地資源的錯配程度不同;從用地規模大小角度分析,同類型企業用地規模大的土地資源要素的相對扭曲系數要明顯高于用地規模小的企業,用地規模越大土地資源錯配程度越嚴重;從土地資源錯配造成企業經濟效率損失測算結果來看,土地資源要素投入相對扭曲系數越大的企業,土地資源錯配導致總體經濟效率損失越大;在各類型企業的技術和規模效率不變的條件下,不增加資源要素投入,通過糾正企業的土地資源錯配,能夠有效地提升企業的經濟效率。

For a long time,the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China was strongly supported by the typical pattern of land resource allocation which is dominated by government. At the same time,along with this rapid development,there comes distorted allocation of land resources,which is caused by the imperfect land system and policy. The efficiency of land resource allocation varies among different enterprises,and the distorted allocation of land resources among different enterprises has resulted in huge loss of overall economic efficiency. Using random sampling survey,we obtained 607 samples in regard to input and output from different types of enterprises. Based on the theory of Cobb-Douglas production function,we constructed an econometric model to measure mismatch degrees of land resources in different kinds of enterprises,and the economic efficiency loss as well. The calculation results show that the relative distortion coefficient of land resources in types of enterprises of environmental protection,biological and high-end equipment manufacturing are greater than 1,and the relative distortion coefficient of land resources in types of enterprises of optoelectronic information is less than 1. Overall economic efficiency losses of the photoelectron information industry amounted to10. 23%,caused by land resources mismatch; the high-end equipment manufacturing industry reached 13. 82%. Bio-industry and energy-saving environmental protection industry is more than 20%. Results show that there is a sharp difference in the contribution of land resources to total economic output among different types of enterprises. The relative distortion coefficient of land resource allocation in different types of enterprises is different,indicating that the degree of land resources mismatch is different. For the same type of enterprises,the enterprises,with greater land scale,have higher relative coefficient of land resources allocation distortion. This also implies that the greater the land use scale,the higher mismatch degree of land resources,and the higher value of the relative distortion coefficient,the greater loss of the overall economic efficiency.