選取南京主城區作為主要研究范圍,通過男女對比揭示外來務工人員的社會經濟屬性在就業空間上的性別差異和共性。比較二者就業空間的分異格局可知,主城區大部分區域性別差異明顯,同時也存在性別差異不大的區域。性別差異明顯的地區根據階層特性、就業方向和社會家庭特征可分為4個次級特征區,主要分布于主城南部區域、主城東部環紫金山一帶及主城中部一些散布街道。性別差異不大的地區主要分布于老城大部分地區,主城北端區域、主城西北局部。二者就業空間社會分異格局的形成既有商業用地和公共設施、科研院所與高科技園區、大型用人單位布局、城市第二產業等要素的布局帶來的影響,又有勞動力市場的內在排斥、傳統的家庭觀念甚至性別歧視等個體和社會因素的影響。這些因素對男女外來務工群體的共通影響、主次影響或分別單獨影響促成上述共性和差異。

This paper takes the main city of Nanjing as the empirical case to reveal the differences and commonness in social-economical features and their spatial distribution of migrant workers through male/female comparison.Through the comparison of spatial differentiation pattern of male and female migrant workers,it is found that most areas of the main city show obvious gender difference,while some areas indicate less gender difference.According to the stratum features,employment directions,and social-family features,areas of obvious gender difference can be classifi ed into four secondary featured districts,which are generally located in the southern part and eastern part of the main city around the Purple Mountain as well as some dispersed streets in the central part of the main city.Areas with less difference are located in most part of the old city area as well as the north end and part of the northwestern area of the main city.Concerning the infl uencing factors of the spatial differentiations,it is not only due to the layout of commercial and business land,public service facilities,hi-tech industry parks,large enterprises,and secondary industries,etc.,but also relating to the individual-social factors such as exclusion of labor market,ethics of traditional family,and even sexism in employment.The common effects,primary and secondary effects,or the separate effects on the male and female migrant workers,compose above commonness and differentiations.