隨著"全面二孩"政策的開放,我國將有越來越多的家庭生育第二胎。二胎家庭與獨生子女家庭一個顯著的區別在于出現了新的家庭成員關系,即同胞關系。現有文獻在同胞關系的類型(表現形式)、影響因素及對兒童發展的作用機制等方面已經有一定的積累。同胞關系的表現形式包括溫暖和諧型、敵意沖突型、溫暖與敵意并存型等。影響同胞關系的因素包括同胞自身因素(同胞的結構特征、氣質)和父母相關因素(親子關系、養育的差別對待、婚姻關系等)。各種形式的同胞關系可以通過以下不同的作用機制進一步影響兒童各自心理的發展:依戀作用機制、社會學習作用機制和社會比較作用機制。此外,結合已有文獻,提出了一個整合的同胞關系理論假設框架,揭示各種因素如何影響同胞關系,又通過哪些作用機制引發同胞關系對兒童心理發展的影響。最后,強調我國未來研究需要進一步完善同胞關系相關理論框架,注重文化的影響,以及重視預防與干預相關研究。

In recent years, the Chinese central government has relaxed the enforcement of population control and allowed families to have two children. As a result, a large number of family have had or will have two children. The distinct differences between families with one child and families with two children are the arrival of the new family member relationship—sibling relationship. The literature the forms, causes and consequences of sibling relationships has been accumulating. The forms included sibling warmth, sibling conflicts and sibling relationships combined warmth with conflicts. The factors that influenced sibling relationships included sibling factors themselves(e.g., structural characteristics, temperament) and parents factors(parent-child relations, differential treatment, and marital relationship). Sibling relationships might influence children’s development through the mechanism of attachment, social learning, and social comparison. In addition, an integrative model of sibling relationships is developed. Last, it emphasized that future studies should improve the theoretical frameworks, value the cultural role, and emphasize the research on prevention and intervention.