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題名:《商法通則》/《商法典》的可能空間?--再論商法與民法規範內容的差異性
書刊名:比較法研究
作者:蔣大興
出版日期:2018
卷期:2018(5)
頁次:44-70
主題關鍵詞:民法商法民法總則商法通則Civil lawCommercial lawThe General Provisions of the Civil LawThe General Rules of Commercial Law
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在我國民法典編纂正處如火如荼的當代,主張制定《商法通則》/《商法典》無疑成為一種干擾正常立法工作的雜音。尤其是當日本、德國等國家都在消解商法總則或商法典的內容——商法在傳統大陸法系國家仿佛已成"走向沒落的法律貴族"。然而,通過觀察法國、韓國、我國澳門等國家和地區商法典的總則部分,可以發現雖然現代民法呈現出"商化擴張"的一面,但仍有部分屬傳統商總的內容游離在民法之外。這些未被民法吸納的內容,形成《商法通則》的可能空間。有學者認為,以《民法總則》統攝商事特別法是最佳模式,制定《商法通則》會導致民法基本制度的分裂、導致法律規則的疊加、重復,增加法律適用難度;且民事商事難以區分,商事特別法缺乏共性規則等,這些理由均不足以否定《商法通則》的存在意義。中國之所以需要獨立的《商法通則》/《商法典》是因為實踐的需求——無論是商事交易實踐,還是商事規制、商事裁判實踐都充分證明:民商混合的思維帶來了極大不便,影響了商事關系的優化調整,甚至影響了法院的妥當裁判,損害了商人的交易預期。己所不欲,勿施于人。法典化之可能在于單行法已具備相當規模,《民法總則》/《民法典》的制定邏輯如此,《商法通則》/《商法典》的制定邏輯同樣也當如此——正是因為中國有了豐富、零散的民法/民事規范,才需要統一的《民法總則》/《民法典》去統攝;可是,中國現已儲備了相當豐富的商法規范,為什么我們不能編纂《商法通則》甚至《商法典》?
In the modern era of the codification of the Civil Code,advocating the enactment of General Rules of Commercial Law/Commercial Code has undoubtedly become a kind of noise that interferes with normal legislative work. Especially when Japan,Germany and other countries are in the process of eliminating the content of General Principles of Commercial Law or Commercial Code-Commercial Law in the traditional continental law system has emerged as a "declining legal aristocracy. "However,by observing the general part of the Commercial Code of France,Korea,Macao and other countries,it can be found that although the modern civil law presents the "commercial expansion"phenomena,there are still contents in general parts of the traditional commercial law floating outside the civil law. There is possibility that for those content not absorbed by civil law,can be included in the General Rules of Commercial Law. Some scholars believe that letting the General Provisions of the Civil Law govern the special law of business is the best model,and the enactment of the General Rules of Commercial Law will lead to the division of the basic system of civil law,the superposition and repetition of legal rules,and the difficulty of legal application. Besides,because of the difficulties in distinguishing civil law and commercial law,the lack of common rules in commercial special law,etc.,the existence of the General Rules of Commercial Law cannot be denied. The reason why China needs independent General Rules of Commercial Law/Commercial Code is the demand of practice-whether it be the practice of commercial transactions,commercial regulation,or commercial adjudication,it sufficiently proves that the methodology mixing the civil law and commercial law has brought great inconvenience,affected the optimization of the adjustment of commercial relations,and even affected the proper adjudication of the Court,and undermined the businessman’s expectations. Do unto others. The condition precedent of codification is that the amount of separate statutes has already been in considerable scale.The enactment logic of General Provisions of the Civil Law/the Civil Code is such,so is the enactment logic of the General Rules of Commercial Law/Commercial Code-precisely because China has a rich,fragmented civil statutes/civil norms,it is necessary to have the unitary General Provisions of the Civil Law/the Civil Code. Now that China today has already reserved a wide array of commercial law norms,why can’t it be possible to promulgate the General Rules of Commercial Law,even the Commercial Code?
 
 
 
 
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