近代,特別是民國時期,是我國重要的社會轉型期,其社會空間也呈現出了相應的變遷。本文以北京作為研究樣本,選取近代時期中具有代表性的三個時間節點,采取因子生態分析法,依循"單因子分析—主因子分析—聚類分析"的基本路徑,對北京市進行了社會空間結構特征的定量分析,隨后以點帶線地對其社會空間演化規律進行了縱向的剖析和揭示;最后結合近代社會轉型期的個性特征及人類社會各階段的共性要素,對社會空間結構變遷的影響因素進行了剖析和歸納。

Modern times, especially Republican Period, saw an important social transformation of our country’s history along with the transition of social spatial. Taking Beijing as a typical sample,according to the basic path of "single factor analysis– major factor analysis – cluster analysis" derived from the means of factorial ecological analysis,this paper not only quantitatively describes and analyzes the social spatial structure characteristics,but also longitudinally reveals its evolution in modern times in three cross-sectional time nodes.At last, combined with the specific and general characteristics in the social transition period and the ordinary process of human society, it enhances the summary to the common feature of spatial structure changes and influence mechanism of big cities during the modern society transformation.