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題名:企業主持人的釋意歷程及其影響
作者:林家五 引用關係
作者(外文):Lin, Chia-wu
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:商學研究所
指導教授:黃國隆
鄭伯壎
學位類別:博士
出版日期:1999
主題關鍵詞:釋意歷程企業主持人質化研究身份認同主動建構多層次動態釋意歷程sensemaking processleaderqualitative researchidentityenactmentmulti-level dynamic sensemaking process
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本研究以有別於傳統管理理論的觀點,以人的主體性為主軸,Weick的「釋意(sensemaking)」概念為理解的工具,針對複雜的管理現象進行分析。釋意是指個體嘗試從外在不確定環境中找出意義與秩序的一種持續性回溯過程,此過程的發生必須依存於環境脈絡中。釋意的功能為幫助人們對環境予以結構化、理解、詮釋與預測,並且建立起關於行動的合理化解釋及關於未來的共同信念。
釋意的概念可以作為許多理論或概念模式的基礎,例如,釋意是策略衍生模式的前置因素,是影響領導者建立願景的過程因素,是決定組織結構型態的因素,是管理組織變革的關鍵因素,是即將替代決策的可能構念,是組織文化形成的基礎過程,是決定創業家創業模式的因素,更是影響組織學習是否成功的關鍵因素。而釋意的研究在國外雖然已經進行了10幾年,但是,在國內尚未有學者著手進行相關的研究,因此,本研究可以說是首開國內釋意研究的風潮。
研究一採取個案研究的方式,針對一家已有百年歷史跨國公司的在台子公司,進行橫跨13年的慣時性分析,並且收集包括「文件資料」、「檔案記錄」、「訪談資料」以及「調查研究」等多重資料來源。研究結果不僅澄清了許多理論上的缺失,在管理實務上也發現,組織在替換領導者的過程中,不僅領導者本身會產生釋意過程的轉換,在管理團隊以及組織層次的釋意過程亦會發生變化。而這種變化的影響層次包括,策略走向的大轉彎,組織結構的調整,組織流動率增高與凝聚力的降低,組織士氣與氣候的變遷等等。研究的結果不僅證實「釋意過程」是影響組織的重要關鍵因素,而釋意過程中領導者的身份認同,以及與環境脈絡的契合更是影響釋意方向,甚至影響組織績效表現的關鍵因素。
研究二採用半結構訪談的方式,針對六位中小企業創業家的釋意過程進行分析。研究結果證實每位創業家都有其獨特的釋意過程,而且決定釋意方向的重要因素是,創業家的身份認同、對環境脈絡的詮釋以及這兩者之間的契合。研究二的結果支持了研究一所提出的身份認同的關鍵地位,並且發現可以依據釋意的類型,將創業家予以歸類,而不同釋意類型的創業家不僅在開創性、冒險性、思考與判斷風格上會有顯著的差異。
綜合討論中提出了多層次動態釋意過程模式,並且確立了情境論、資源依賴論、組織生態論中常被忽略之人的主體性的地位,主張人不是被動地受環境限制,被環境所決定,人是具有主動詮釋環境,建構環境的功能。最後,研究者針對跨國企業管理者、本土創業家及一般管理者提出管理實務上的具體建議。
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