:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:小型國家之脆弱性定位與分群-國際援助方略之基礎
作者:劉芬美 引用關係
作者(外文):Fen-may Liou
校院名稱:國立交通大學
系所名稱:經營管理研究所
指導教授:丁承
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2003
主題關鍵詞:小型國家脆弱度國際援助特殊及差別待遇因素分析集群分析多維尺度分析small statesvulnerabilityaidspecial and differential treatmentfactor analysiscluster analysismultidimensional scaling
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:1
本論文從國際援助資源分配的觀點,探討小型國家於全球貿易變革下二個獨立但相關的議題。一是以非最低度開發中國家為主體,為小型國家在全球貿易體制下的相對脆弱程度定位,本文先從多層面觀點,就衡量一國在貿易體制下之脆弱程度提出模型,再利用因素分析及多維尺度法發展出二維的相對位置圖,俾直接觀察小型國家在非最低度開發中國家的相對脆弱程度。另外,目前國際機構研擬小型國家之援助方略時,往往將小型國家視為整個群體;然而,小型國家間的差異極大,並無一體適用的援助方略,若能將小型國家分群,將有助於援助方略之研擬。本文深入探討小型國家間之差異,根據二十五個經社指標,先利用因素分析找出小型國家經社發展的七個共同因素,再以各國之因素得點為投入進行集群分析,研究結果將小型國家分為九群,各群組內國家間的相似度較高,而不同群組間則差異較大。本文針對前述二項研究結果分析後提出其對研擬國際援助方略相關的管理意涵。本研究對如何研訂及整合有效率及有效能的國際援助(包括貿易特殊及差別待遇),提出一個新的方向。
This dissertation focuses on two parallel but related issues regarding the vulnerability position of small states in the global trade regime and the allocation of international development aid resources to them. The relative vulnerability positions of developing but not least-developed countries were first established using a two-dimensional configuration based on multiple aspects of economic vulnerability. A map showing the overall vulnerability positioning of the countries was then created. Differences among small states were further investigated by sub-grouping the subject countries using cluster analysis based on their respective socioeconomic characteristics. Seven common factors were first extracted from 25 key socioeconomic indicators. Cluster analysis based on factor scores was then used to obtain distinct clusters of small states. Nine well-delineated clusters of small states with similar characteristics were thus obtained. Based on these findings, managerial implications for international community, including provisions of differential treatment in the global trade regime shift as well as tactics of international aid, are presented. This research provides new directions to the international community in designing development aid strategies that effectively and efficiently allocate resources among small developing states.
Advisory Board to the Joint Commonwealth Secretariat/World Bank Task Force on Small States (1999). Small states: a composite vulnerability index. Paper presented at the World Bank-Commonwealth Secretariat Conference on Small States, St. Lucia, February 17-19, accessible at www.worldbank.org/smallstates.
Armstrong, H. W., de Kervenoael, R. J., Li, X., & Read R. (1998). A comparison of the economic performance of different microstates, and between microstates and larger countries. World Development, 26(4), 639-659.
Armstrong, H. W., Johnes, G., Johnes, J., & MacBean, A. I. (1993). The role of transport costs as a determinant of price level variations between the Isle of Man and the United Kingdom, 1989. World Development, 21(2), 311-318.
Armstrong H. W., & Read, R. (2002). The phantom of liberty: economic growth and the vulnerability of small states. Journal of International Development, 14 (3), 435-458.
Armstrong, H. W., & Read, R. (2001). Globalization and economic development: Lessons from small states. Paper for Conference Small States in World Markets- 15 Years Later, Göteborg University, 27-29 September, 2001.
Armstrong, H. W., & Read, R. (2000). Comparing the economic performance of dependent territories and sovereign micro-states. Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol 48(2), 285-306.
Armstrong, H. W., Jouan de Kervenoael, R. J., Li, X., & Read, R. (1996). The Economic Performance of Micro-States, Report to UK ODA.
Armstrong, H. W., Jouan de Kervenoael, R. J., Li, X., & Read R. (1998). A comparison of the economic performance of different microstates, and between microstates and larger countries. World Development, 26(4), 639-659.
Atkins, J. P., Mazzi, S. A., & Easter, C. (2000). Commonwealth Vulnerability Index for Developing Countries: The Position of Small States, Economic Paper, No. 40, London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Ashoff, G. (1989). Economic and industrial development options for small Third World countries: a contribution to the debate on development theory. Occasional Paper No. 9, Berlin: German Development Institute.
Benedict, B. (1967). Problems of Smaller Territories. London: Athlone Press for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies.
Berenson, M. L., Levine, D. M., & Goldstein M. (1983). Inermediate Statistical Methods and Applications, A Computer Package Approach. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Bräutigam, D. (2000). Aid Dependence and Governance. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International for the Swidish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Bräutigam, D., & Woolcock, M. (2001). Small states in a global economy, the role of institutions in managing vulnerability and opportunity in small developing countries. Discussion Paper No. 2001/37, World Institute for Development Economics Research, Unidted Nations University. Accessible at http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/dps/dp2001-37.pdf.
Briguglio, L. (1992). Preliminary Study on the Construction of an Index for Ranking Countries According to their Economic Vulnerability, UNCTAD/LDC/Misc.4 (1992).
Briguglio, L. (1993). ‘The Economic Vulnerabilities of Small Island Developing States’, study commissioned by CARICOM for the Regional Technical Meeting of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, July 1993.
Briguglio, L. (1995). Small island developing states and their economic vulnerabilities. World Development, 23 (9), 1615-1632.
Briguglio, L (1997). Alternative Economic Vulnerability Indices for Developing Countries. Report prepared for the Expert Group on Vulnerability Index. UN(DESA), 17-19 December 1997.
Campos, N. F., & Nugent, J. (1999). Development performance and the institutions of governance: evidence from East Asia and Latin America. World Development, 27 (3), 239-54.
Chander, R. (1996). Measurement of the Vulnerability of Small States. Washington.
Chenery, H. B., & Syrquin, M. (1975). Patterns of Development: 1950-1970. London: Oxford University Press.
Chenery, H. B., & Taylor, L. (1968). Development patterns: among countries and over time. Review of Economics and Statistics, 50 (4), 391-416.
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) (2000, 2001), The World Fact Book. Internet version, accessible at www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook.
Clarke, C. G., and Payne, T. (1987) Politics, security and development in small states. London: Allen & Unwin.
Collier, P., & Dollar, D. (1999). Aid, risk, and the special concerns of small states, paper presented at the World Bank-Commonwealth Secretariat Conference on Small States, St. Lucia, February 17-19, 1999, accessible at www.worldbank.org/smallstates.
Commonwealth Advisory Group (1997). A Future for Small States: Overcoming Vulnerability, London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Commonwealth Consultative Group (1985) Vulnerability: Small States in the Global Society, London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Commonwealth Secretariat (1998). Small States: Economic Review & Basic Statistics 4. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Commonwealth Secretariat (2000). Small states: Economic review & basic statistics 5. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Commonwealth Secretariat (2001). Small states: Economic review & basic statistics 6. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Commonwealth Secretariat (2002). Progress in the implementation of the recommendations of the Commonwealth Secretariat/World Bank Task Force Report. Report prepared for Commonwealth Finance Ministers Meeting, London, September 24-26, 2002.
Commonwealth Secretariat/World Bank Joint Task Force on Small States (2000). Small States: Meeting Challenges in the Global Economy, London: Commonwealth Secretariat & Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
Crowards, T. (2000). An Economic Vulnerability Index for Developing Countries. Barbados: Caribbean Development Bank.
Demas, W. G. (1965). The Economics of Development in Small Countries: With Special Reference to the Caribbean. Montreal: McGill University Press.
Davenport, M. (2001). A study of Alternative special and differential arrangements for small economies. Interim Report, A study prepared for the Economic Affairs Division of the Commonwealth Secretariat.
Downes, A. S. (1988). On the statistical measurement of smallness: a principal component measure of country size. Social and Economic Studies, vol. 37 (3), 75-96.
Easter, C. (1998). Small states: a composite vulnerability index. In Commonwealth Secretariat (Ed.), Small states: Economic review & basic statistics (pp. 24-46). London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Easterly, W. (2000). Can institutions resolve ethnic conflict? Policy Research Working Paper No. 2482. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Easterly, W., & Kraay, A. (1999). Small states: small problems? Income, growth, and volatility in small states. Paper presented at the Conference on Small States, St. Lucia, February 17-19, 1999, accessible at www.worldbank.org/research/growth/pdfiles/kraay1.pdf.
ECDPM (1998). What place for small island states in a successor Lomé Agreement? Lomé. Negotiation Brief No.2. Maastricht: ECDPM.
Evans, P. (1995). Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Gonzales, A. (1996). Caribbean-EU Relations in a Post-Lomé World. Bonn: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. (Working Papers on EU Development Policy, No. 2).
Goldsmith, A. A. (1999). Africa’s overgrown state revisited: Bureaucracy and economic growth. World Politics 51 (4): 520-546.
Green, P. E., Frank, R. E., & Robinson, P. J. (1967). Cluster analysis in test market selection. Management Science, 13, B387-B400.
Grynberg, R. (1999). The trade policy implications for small vulnerable states of the global trade regime shift. Paper presented at the World Bank-Commonwealth Secretariat Conference on Small States, St. Lucia, February 17-19, 1999, accessible at www.worldbank.org/smallstates.
Guillaumont, P. (1999). On the economic vulnerability of low-income countries. Mimeo, CERDI-CNRS, France: Uviversité d’Auvergne..
Hein, P. L. (1985). The study of micro-states. In E.C. Dommen and P.L. Hein (eds), States, Microstaes and Islands (pp. 43-46). London: Croom Helm.
Hennikon, A. K. (1999). Small states in world politics. Paper presented at the World Bank-Commonwealth Secretariat Conference on Small States, St. Lucia, February 17-19, 1999, accessible at www.worldbank.org/smallstates.
International Development Association (IDA) (2001). IDA eligibility, terms and graduation policy. Asessable at http://www.worldbank.org/ida/IDAELIGIBILITY.pdf.
International Monetary Fund-World Bank Group (2000). First Annual Small States Forum Background Information, Prague, September 25, 2000, accessible at .www.worldbank.org/smallstates.
Jalan, B. (1982). Classification of economies by size. In B. Jalan (ed.), Problems and Policies in Small Economies (pp. 39-47). Beckenham: Croom Helm.
Katzenstein, P. J. (1985). Small states in world market: industrial policy in Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Kaufann, D., Kraay, A., & Zoido-Lobaton, P. (1999). Aggregating governance indicators. Policy Research Working Paper No. 2195. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Kaufann, D., Kraay, A., & Zoido-Lobaton, P. (2002). Governance matters II: Updated indicators for 2000-01. World Bank Policy Research Department Working Paper. Washington DC: The World Bank.
Keesing, D. B. (1968). Population and industrial development: some evidence from trade patters. American Economic Review, June, 448-55.
Knack, S., & Azfar, O. (2000). Are Large Countries Really More Corrupt? Working Paper No. 2470. Washington DC: The World Bank. Accessible at http://econ.worldbank.org/files/1280_wps2470.pdf.
Knack, S., & Keefer, P. (1995). Institutions and economic performance: cross-country tests using alternative institutional measures. Economics and Politics, 7(3), 207-28.
Kuznets, S. (1960). Economic growth of small nations, In E.A.G. Robinson (ed.), The Economic Consequences of the Size of Nations: Proceedings of a Conference Held by the International Economic Association (pp.14-32). London: Macmillan.
Lewis, W. A. (1950). The industrialization of the British West Indies. Caribbean Economic Review, 2 (1), 1-51.
Liou, F. M., & Ding, C. G. (2002). Subgrouping small states based on socioeconomic characteristics. World Development, 30 (7), 1289-1306
Lloyd, P. J., & Sundrum R. M. (1982). Characteristics of small economies. In B. Jalan (ed.), Problems and Policies in Small Eonomies (pp. 17-38). Beckenham: Croom Helm.
Lockhart, D. G., Drakakis-Smith, D., & Schembri, J. (1993). The Development Process in Small Island States. London: Routledge.
Looney, R.E. (1989). Macroeconomic consequences of the size of third world nations: with special reference to the Caribbean. World Development, 17(1), 69-83.
Marcy, G. (1960). How far can foreign trade and customs agreements confer upon small nations the advantages of larger nations? In E.A.G. Robinson (ed.), The Economic Consequences of the Size of Nations (pp. 265-281). London: Macmillan.
McQueen, M., & Stevens, C. (1989). ''Trade Preferences and Lomé IV: Non-traditional ACP Exports to the EC, Development Policy Review, (7), 239-260.
Osborne, P. (1996). Trade issues and development prospects of island developing countries of the Pacific. Report prepared for the Commission on Sustainable Development High-level Panel Meeting on Island Developing Countries, 22-23 April 1996. UNCTAD/LLDC/IDC/Misc.2.
OECD (2000). Indicators for the international development goals. In OECD (ed.) A better world for all (p. 25). Paris: OECD.
Page, S. (2001). Country classifications and trade: report prepared for the Department for International Development. London: Overseas Development Institute.
Pantin, D. A. (1996). Trade issues and development prospects of island developing countries of the Caribbean. Report prepared for United Nations Economic and Social Council, High-level panel Meeting on Island Developing Countries, Commission on Sustainable Development. E/CN.17/1996/IDC/Misc.1; UNCTAD/LLDC/IDC/Misc.1.
Pung, G., & Stewart, D. W. (1983). Cluster analysis in marketing research: review and suggestions for applications. Journal of Marketing Research, 20, 134-148.
Read, R. (2001). Growth, economic development and structural transition in small vulnerable states. Discussion Paper No. 2001/59, United Nations University.
Rodrik, D. (1998). Why do more open economies have bigger governments? Journal of Political Economy, 106 (5), 997-1032.
Selwyn, P. (1975.), Development Policy in Small Countries. Beckenham: Croom Helm.
Schaffer, B. (1975). The policies of dependence. In P. Selwyn (ed.), Development Policy in Small Countries (pp. 21-53). Beckenham: Croom Helm.
Scitovsky, T. (1960). International trade and economic ontegration as a means of overcoming the disadvantages of a small nation. In E.A.G. Robinson (ed.), The Economic Consequences of the Size of Nations (pp. 282-290). London: Macmillan.
Srinivasan, T. N. (1986). The costs and benefits of being a small, remote, island, land-locked or ministate economy, World Bank Research Observer, vol. 1 (2), 205-218.
Stevens, C. McQueen, M., & Kennan, J. (1998). After Lome IV: A Strategy for ACP-EU Relations in the 21st Century. Economic Paper No. 37, London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Streeten, P. (1993). The special problems of small countries. World Development, 21(2), 197-202.
Taylor, C. (1969). Statistical typology of micre-states and territories: towards a definition of a micro-states, Appendix in UNITAR, Status and Problems of Very Small States and Territotries. New York: United Nations. Reprinted as, Small States and Territories: Status and problems. New York: Arno Press, 1971. accessible at http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/dps/dp2001-59.pdf.
Tevi, F. (1997). Vulnerability: A Pacific reality, Issues Paper prepared for the Summit of ACP Heads of State and Government. Libreville, Gabon, 6-7 November 1997. Accessible at http://www.acpsec.org/gb/summit/tevi.htm.
UNCTAD (1997). The Vulnerability of Small Island Developing States in the Context of Globalisation: Common Issues and Remedies. Report prepared for the Expert Group on Vulnerability Index. UN (DESA), 17-19 December 1997.
UNCTAD (2000). UNCTAD Handbook of statistics. New York: United Nations.
UNCTAD (2001a). UNCTAD Handbook of statistics. New York: United Nations.
UNCTAD (2001b) Statistical profile of LDCs, 2001, accessible at www.unctad.org/en/pub/ldcprofiles2001.en.htm.
UNCTAD Secretariat (1996). Development challenges facing island developing countries: basic issues and prospects in the context of trade liberalization and globalization. Report for United Nations Economic and Social Council, High-level Panel Meeting on Island Developing Countries, Commission on Sustainable Development. E/CN.17/1996/IDC/2; UNCTAD/LLDC/IDC/2.
UNDP (2000). Human development report, Note on statistics, (pp.141-155). Cary, USA: Oxford University Press.
UNDP (2001). Human Development Report. Cary, USA: Oxford University Press.
UNDP (2002). Human Development Report. Cary, USA: Oxford University Press. Accessible at http://www.undp.org/hdr2001/completenew.pdf.
UNIDO (1979). World Industry Since 1961: Progress and Prospects, Vienna: UNIDO.
United Nations (1994). Report of the global conference on the sustainable development of small island developing states, Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, Barbados, 25 April-6 May 1994. A/CONF.167/9 October 1994.
United Nations (2000). Committee for Development Policy''s economic vulnerability index explanatory note. United Nations CDP2000/PLEN/21, 2000.
United Nations- DPCSD (1997). Vulnerability Index (Revised Background Paper). SD-SIDS Unit.
United Nations General Assembly Economic and Social Council (1998). Development of a vulnerability index for small island developing states, report of the Secretary-General, Environment and sustainable development: implementation of the outcome of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, A/53/65 — E/1998/5. http://www.unep.ch/islands/d98-vul.htm.
United Nations Sustainable Development (2000). About Small Island Developing States. Accessible at http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/aboutSIDS.htm.
Wade, R. (1990). Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Woolclock, M. (2000). Managing risk, shocks, and opportunity in developing economies: the role of social capital. In Gustav Ranis (ed.) Dimensions of development (pp.197-212), New Haven, CT: Yale Center for International and Area Studies.
Woolcock, M. (2000). Managing risk, shocks, and opportunity indeveloping economies: the role of social capital. In Gustav Ranis (ed.) Dimensions of Development (pp. 197-212). New Haven, CT: Yale Center for International and Area Studies.
Woolcock, M., & Narayan, D. (2000). Social capital: implications for development theory, research and policy. The World Bank Research Observer, 15, 225-249.
World Bank (1998). World view. In World Bank (ed.) World development indicators. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
World Bank (2001). World Development Indicators. Washing DC: The World Bank. Accessible at http://www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/gdp.html.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2000), World health report, Statistical annex. Geneva: WHO.
World Tourism Organization (2000), WTO database October 2000.
World Trade Organization (WTO) (2000). Small Economies: The Current status of events in the WTO. Background for Small States" Forum, Praque, 25 September 2000.
WTO (2001). Preparations for the Fourth Discussion of the Ministerial Conference. Draft Ministerial Declaration. JOB (01)/140 General Council.
Youssef, H. (1999). Special and differential treatment for developing countries in the WTO. Trade-related agenda, development and equity, Working Papers 2, South Centre.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE