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題名：不同阻力訓練法之機制與訓練效果比較
作者：王翔星 引用關係
校院名稱：國立體育大學
系所名稱：教練研究所
指導教授：相子元
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2007
主題關鍵詞：力量漸增式訓練；功能性等長式訓練；爆發力；彈震式訓練；跆拳道專項踢擊能力；速度；Ballistic training；Slow ramp training；Velocity；Functional isometric training；Power；Specific kicking performance of Taekwondo
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競技運動中，專項動作經常被要求在極短暫的時間內完成，因此阻力訓練的規劃必須考慮執行訓練動作時的肌肉收縮速度。然而，現今廣為應用之力量漸增式阻力訓練動作(Slow ramp movement，簡稱SRM)，經研究證實此動作在執行過程中會有減速期的現象產生，進而影響速度與爆發力之增強效果。彈震式(Ballistic movement，簡稱BAM)與功能性等長式訓練動作(Functional isometric movement，簡稱FIM)則被許多研究文獻肯定其動作執行時的收縮速度與力量輸出之優異條件。但三種阻力訓練動作之相關機制與受試者接受三種不同阻力訓練在對神經肌肉系統的增強效果差異仍有待驗證。故本研究目的旨在比較16名受試者執行三種不同形式的阻力訓練法在運動學(Kinematics)、動力學(Kinetics)及肌肉活性(Muscle activation)的差異，並比較31名受試者接受六週不同形式的快速度阻力訓練後（SRM訓練組11名，BAM訓練組10名，FIM訓練組10名）對於跆拳道選手一般能力與專項踢擊能力之增強效果。研究結果顯示：(1)FIM及BAM之運動學條件優於SRM；(2) 動力學條件上，BAM優於FIM及SRM，FIM亦優於SRM；(3) FIM及BAM之肌肉活性條件優於SRM；(4) 在膝伸展動作增強效果上，FIM訓練組之最大肌力增強效率顯著優於BAM訓練組及SRM訓練組，最高速度增強效率則顯著優於SRM訓練組，BAM訓練組之最大爆發力增強效率顯著優於SRM訓練組，而SRM訓練組之最大肌力之增強效率顯著優於BAM訓練組；(5) 在專項踢擊動作之增強效果上，FIM訓練組及BAM訓練組之末端速度與踢擊力量增強效率上顯著優於SRM訓練組。故本研究推論，在各項機制比較下，BAM動作具備發展動作速度與爆發力之優勢條件，其次則是FIM動作。在膝伸展動作整體增強效果上，FIM訓練組獲得最佳之增強效率，其次為BAM訓練組，而SRM訓練組除最大肌力之外，各項能力增強效率均不如BAM訓練組及FIM訓練組。在專項踢擊動作之增強效果部分，FIM訓練及BAM訓練比SRM訓練更能增強跆拳道旋踢動作之末端速度與踢擊力量。
The aim of this study was to compare the mechanism (Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle activation) and training effects among slow ramp movement (SRM), ballistic movement (BAM) and functional isometric movement (FIM). In order to compare the mechanisms among the three types of resistance training, sixteen male Taekwondo athletes completed knee extension movement three times using 30%1RM for each training type. To compare the training effects, thirty-one male Taekwondo athletes performed three types of resistance training within a six week period. Results indicated that (1) FIM and BAM had significant kinematic benefits when compared to SRM. (2) BAM indicated the greatest kinetics benefit, and FIM indicated greater kinetic benefit when compared to SRM. (3) FIM and BAM indicated greater muscle activation benefits when compared to SRM. (4) The training effects of knee extension: the FIM training group indicated greater significant1RM strength compared to the BAM training group and the SRM training group. The FIM training group also indicated significantly greater peak velocity compared to the SRM training group. The BAM training group indicated significantly greater training effect of power compared to the SRM training group.(5) The training effects of specific kicking performance: Both the FIM training group and the BAM training group had significantly greater training effect in terminal kicking velocity and kicking force when compared to the SRM training group. The results of this study showed that BAM had the most mechanical benefit. The FIM training group indicated the greatest training effect in respect to knee extension abilities. Finally, in conclusion, the FIM training group and BAM training group respectively indicated a positive training effect in terminal kicking velocity and kicking force of Taekwondo athletes.
王翔星、相子元(1999)：彈震式與力量漸增式阻力訓練對跆拳道下肢爆發力之增強效果。未出版之碩士論文，桃園縣，國立體育學院教練研究所。
田麥久(2001)：論運動訓練計畫。台北市：中國文化大學出版部。
林政東(2004)：運動員肌力訓練。師大書苑。台北市
周桂名、王翔星(2000)：彈震式與力量漸增式收縮之運動學與動力學分析研究。台灣體育學院學報，第七期，123-134頁
陳坤檸(2002)：應用運動生理學。台北市：五南圖書出版公司。
郭志輝(2001)：運動生理學—科學測量資料反應出競技運動成績。台北市：行政院體育委員會委託中華民國體育學會發行。7-17頁
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